1,721,012 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
<Articles>Rethinking the Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 1908 : An Analysis of the Memoranda of Common Finance Minister Istvan Burian
No full text本稿は、ボスニア・ヘルツェゴヴィナ併合(一九〇八年一○月) を題材として、ハプスブルク独特の二重帝国体制に従来とは異なる角度から光をあてることを目的とする。とくに今回は、他の首脳に先がけて併合を上奏した共通財務相ブリアーンに着目する。具体的には彼による二つの『建自書』を中心に、併合に至るハプスブルク国内の動向の検討から、オーストリアとハンガリーの枠組みをこえた帝国全体に関わる案件(「共通案件」) の決定過程を浮き彫りにする。考察の結果、ブリアーンが占領状態に起因する民族運動をおさえるために併合を発意したこと、ブリアーンの計画が共通外務相エーレンタールらの影響を受けつつも、併合への道筋を整えたことが示される。ただし、ハプスブルク家の継承法(「国事詔書」) をめぐる折衝の不調は、ボスニアの「合法的」な併合を不可能とした。ここからは、帝国中枢における政策決定の多元性と機能不全がみてとれるのである。The right of the Austro-Hungarian (Habsburg) Empire to occupy, not to annex, Bosnia-Herzegovina was recognized on the basis of Article 25 of the Berlin Treaty. The Habsburgs maintained this provisional status in both provinces until 1908. When the revolution of the Young Turks in Constantinople broke out in July 1908, the possibility that the new regime in Turkey would demand the restoration of sovereignty over these provinces arose, and the problem of the annexation by the Habsburg Empire became a matter of great urgency. Alois Lexa Aehrenthal, Common Foreign Minister of the Habsburg Empire (1906-1912), negotiated with Russia for a secret agreement in order to successfully annex the provinces. In order to secure the Habsburg's share of the bargain, he unilaterally declared the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina on 6 October 1908. From that time onward the relationship between the Habsburg Empire and Russia became aggravated, and this affair is regarded as the prelude to First World War in diplomatic history. But many researchers have ignored the impact of annexation on the Habsburg constitutional system. I point out that it was lstvan Burian, the Common Finance Minister of the Habsburg Empire (1903-1912), who proposed the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina for the first time, In other words, Burian presented memoranda proposing the annexation to Emperor Franz Joseph. I would like to emphasize the influence of both Burian's documents on Habsburg foreign policy as an imperial (common) affair, which was decided not only by Emperor and Common Foreign Minister, but also by the governments of Austria and Hungary. Also, historiographic studies do not pay sufficient attention to the anomalous status of Bosnia-Herzegovina under Habsburg Dualism. In short, these provinces formed a common administrative district, neither part of Austria nor of Hungary. If this status were to be changed, it would require special legislation on which both the parliaments of Austria and Hungary would have to agree. Based on such an understanding of the current scholarship, this article focuses on the development of the annexation that involved the emperor, common ministers, governments and parliaments of Austria and Hungary. In the first section. I describe the contents of the first Burian's memorandum of May 1907. His conception may be summed up in three main points. First, the transitional legal status of the occupation of Bosnia- Herzegovina allowed various underground and illegal activities by Serbia. Second, it was necessary to reduce public discontent with the central regime. As regards this matter, Burian intended to expand autonomy after annexation was achieved. Third, when these provinces were annexed to the Habsburg Empire, Bosnia-Herzegovina would be incorporated into Hungary to maintain Dualism. He intended to avoid radical change to the existing system of government, that is to say, to prevent falling into tripartism (Austria-Hungary-South Slav). The second section deals with differences regarding annexation between Burian and Aehrenthal. Aehrenthal approved in principle of the necessity of annexation at the ministerial conference of December 1907, but he opposed the immediate action and the alteration of the legal status of Bosnia- Herzegovina under the Habsburg government. That is why Burian presented a second memorandum to Franz Joseph in April 1908. The purport of second memorandum was similar to the first memorandum on the whole, but there were remarkable discrepancies between the two memoranda in the details. First, Burian pressed Franz Joseph more strongly to decide on annexation. Second, Bosnia-Herzegovina was to remain a common administrative district after annexation. Third, Burian made concrete plans for the political system of Bosnia-Herzegovina. On one hand, Bosnia-Herzegovina would participate in decision making on local affairs, but on the other hand, it would not have rights to decide imperial issues such as military and foreign policy. However, Aehrenthal opposed annexation on this occasion because of the broad effect it would have on the European powers and his apprehension about unilaterally renouncing the Berlin Treaty, Aehrenthal thus rejected Burian's proposal. The third section focuses on the discussion of the common cabinet on the eve of annexation. Following the revolution of the Young Turks, Ahrenthal completely accepted Burian's conception of annexation and local autonomy. Therefore, the two cooperated closely thereafter. Aehrenthal concentrated more attention on the problem of the Habsburg constitution rather than the reaction of the European powers. He aimed to pass an annexation law that was founded on the Habsburg's succession law (in German, Pragmatische Sanktion) in the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments. However, on this occasion, Hungarian Prime Minister Sandor Wekerle claimed Hungary's historic rights in Bosnia-Herzegovina on the basis of the Habsburg's law of succession. Aehrenthal and Austria Prime Minister Max Wladimir Beck opposed Wekerle's assertion as groundless. They could not find a way to settle the disagreement, and in the end the annexation law was never established. The content of my analysis may be summarized as follows: (1) We should not overestimate Burian's role in the annexation attempt, but his memoranda not only stimulated leading circles of the Habsburg Empire to consider annexation but also helped matters develop more smoothly in Vienna after the revolution of the Young Turks. As Burian himself later wrote, we should regard him as the true proponent of annexation. (2) As we have seen in the examination of the annexation law, the decision-making process for imperial affairs was very complicated and lacked a coordinating function. A full account of annexation reveals the pluralistic and inefficient policymaking of the Habsburg Empire
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
