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ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR ASSESSING GROWTH IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE
No full textObjective: To establish alternative methods for growth assessment in children under fiveyears of age.Design: A cross sectional study of healthy Malawian children.Setting: Postnatal wards and under-five clinics at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital,Ndirande and Chilomoni Health Centres in Blantyre city, Malawi.Main outcome measures: Cephalic, thoracic and pelvic measurements and their indices wereexamined for assessment of growth in these children. Thoracic and pelvic measurementswere found to be the most appropriate alternative parameters to weight.Results: All measurements significantly correlated positively with weight but their indicesdid not. The degree of significance, however, was higher in pelvic and thoracic dimensions(P = 0.000) than in cephalic ones (P< 0.001 for maximal cephalic length (MCL) and P <0.022for maximal cephalic breadth (MCB), respectively. The MCL also showed a high correlationwith age (R = 0.842, P = 0.002) but age only correlated moderately with the MCB (R = 0.569).The thoracic circumference (TC) and inter-nipple distance (IND) showed a very highpositive correlation with age (R = 0.908, P = 0.005) and R = 0.870, P = 0.001), respectively.Similarly, a high positive correlation was shown with age by pelvic circumference (PC) andinter-spinous distance (ISD), (R = 0.891, P = 0.006 and R= 0.692, P = 0.027), respectively.Whereas the pelvic index positively correlated with age (R = 0.040), cephalic and thoracicindices significantly correlated negatively with age. Skull shapes were dolicocephalic in43.6% of the children, mesocephalic in 31.1% and branchycephalic in 25.3%, a cleardifference from Caucasian children reported earlier by other authors.Conclusion: We have established that cephalic, thoracic and pelvic dimensions significantlycorrelate positively with weight as age does but their indices remained relatively constant.More importantly, thoracic and pelvic measurements were the most appropriate alternativemethods for growth assessment in our studied population
PLANTAR AND DIGITAL DERMATOGLYPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ZIMBABWEAN SUBJECTS
No full textObjective: To establish the dermatoglyphic characteristics of indigenous Zimbabweansubjects.Design: Cross-sectional study of randomly selected subjects.Setting: Mufakose, a high-density township in cosmopolitan Harare and Gweru, a midlandcity in Zimbabwe.Main outcome: Dankmeijer (DI) and pattern intensity (PII) indices and the variability ofridge patterns.Materials and methods: Bilateral plantar and digital prints of the sole of selected subjectswere recorded, studied and classified.Results: Plantar pattern types, showed more loops than arches and~more arches than whorls.The loops and arches were commoner on the distal than proximal zones of the sole; featuresalso shown in Malawians. Whorls were absent in zone I1 and this appears to be peculiar toZimbabweans. Digital pattern types showed the predominance of arches as was the case withMalawians but loops were the most prominent in the first digit and next in overallprominence to arches. The mean PI1 was higher in males than females while DI was higherin females than males, which were also the case with Malawian subjects previously studied.However, for both sexes the PI1 was significantly higher in Zimbabweans than Malawianswhile DI was significantly lower in Zimbabweans than Malawians (p~0.001).Conclusion: This study has elucidated the normal dermatoglyphic characteristics ofZimbabweans, showing features that indicate affinities with Malawians. The digital features,however, could differentiate Zimbabweans better from Malawians, further emphasising theuniqueness of digital ridge patterns in differentiating population groups
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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