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The determinants of financial inclusion in selected African countries
Full text linkSummary in English, Sesotho and ZuluThis thesis investigated the determinants of financial inclusion with the emphasis on
social networks in selected African countries, namely, the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Kenya, Eswatini and South Africa. Many individuals in Africa are still excluded
from using formal financial services. Low financial inclusion can result in income
disparity, poverty and sluggish economic growth. The purpose of this study was to
comprehend and explain financial inclusion, while examining the effects of social
networks on financial inclusion. An empirical exploration was conducted to establish
theoretically hypothesised relationships. The study contributed to the existing body of
literature in that it determined the contribution of social networks to individual financial
inclusion, a topic which had not been explored adequately.
Probit models were run, using Finscope Surveys data to estimate the determinants of
financial inclusion in the selected African countries. The following variables were
considered: age, gender, marital status, proof of residence, bank access, location,
education status, social networks, getting financial advice, monthly salary, annual
income, access to internet and the use of mobile phones. Linear probability models
were used to check for robustness. Robust consistent errors were used to reduce the
effect of heterogeneity.
The use of merged data showed that social networks significantly influence financial
inclusion in most of the selected African countries, with the exception of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, although a relationship was found to exist. The
results also showed that the variable ‘access to internet’ is significant in all country
datasets, except for the DRC. The variable ‘getting financial advice’ is significant in all
five datasets.
The study recommends that the governments of the countries studied invest in
improving the information and communications technology infrastructure in their
countries in order to improve access to financial services and the use thereof. Finally,
as part of financial inclusion, concerted efforts should be made to disseminate financial
advice through the internet and social media platforms to influence how financial
decisions or choices are made.Phuputso ena e batlisitse mabaka a kenyeletso ya ditjhelete ka toboketso ya
dikgokahano tsa setjhaba dinaheng tse kgethilweng tsa Afrika, e leng, Rephabliki ya
Demokrasi ya Congo, Kenya, Eswatini le Afrika Borwa. Batho ba bangata Afrika ba
ntse ba qhelelwa ka thoko tshebedisong ya ditshebeletso tsa ditjhelete e
hlophisitsweng. Kenyeletso e tlase ya ditjhelete e ka baka ho se lekane ditabeng tsa
ditjhelete, bofuma le kgolo e monyebe ya moruo. Sepheo sa phuputso ena e ne e le
ho utlwisisa le ho hlalosa kenyeletso ya ditjheleteng, ha ho ntse ho hlahlojwa diphello
tsa dikgokahano tsa setjhaba kenyeletsong ya ditjhelete. Patlisiso ya dinnete e ile ya
etswa ho theha dikamano tse inahanelwang tsa mehopolo. Phuputso e kentse letsoho
dingodilweng tse teng ka hore e lekantse tlatsetso ya dikgokahano tsa setjhaba ho
kenyeletso ya ditjhelete ka bomong, sehlooho se neng se sa hlahlojwa ka ho lekana.
Mokgwa wa tshusumetso o ile wa etswa, ho sebediswa dintlha tsa Diphuputso tsa
Finscope ho hakanya ditekanyo tsa kenyeletso ya ditjhelete dinaheng tse kgethilweng
tsa Afrika. Ho ile ha nahanwa ka dikarolo tse latelang: dilemo, bong, boemo ba lenyalo,
bopaki ba bodulo, phihlello ya banka, sebaka, boemo ba thuto,dikgokahano tsa
setjhaba, ho fumana dikeletso tsa ditjhelete, moputso wa kgwedi, lekeno la selemo,
phihlello ya inthanete le tshebediso ya mehala ya thekeng. Mekgwa e fapaneng ya
menyetla e ile ya sebediswa ho lekola matla. Diphoso tse matla tse tsitsitseng di
sebedisitswe ho fokotsa phello ya ho fapana.
Tshebediso ya dintlha tse kopaneng e bontshitse hore dikgokahano tsa setjhaba di
susumetsa kenyeletso ya ditjhelete dinaheng tse ngata tse kgethilweng tsa Afrika, ntle
le Rephabliki ya Demokrasi ya Congo, leha ele hore kamano e fumanwe e le teng.
Diphetho di boetse di bontshitse hore 'phihlello ya inthanete' e fapaneng e bohlokwa
ho disete tsa dintlha tsohle tsa dinaha, ntle le DRC. Mofuta o fapaneng wa 'ho fumana
keletso ya ditjhelete' o bohlokwa ho disete tsohle tsa dintlha tse hlano.
Phuputso e kgothaletsa hore mebuso ya dinaha tse ithutilweng e tsetele ho ntlafatseng
meralo ya theknoloji ya tlhahisoleseding le dikgokahano dinaheng tsa yona e le ho
ntlafatsa phihlello ya ditshebeletso tsa ditjhelete le tshebediso ya tsona. Qetellong, e
le karolo ya kenyeletso ya ditjhelete, ho lokela hore ho etswe boiteko bo
kopanetsweng ho phatlalatsa keletso ka tsa ditjhelete ka inthanete le dithala tsa metjha ya phatlalatso ya ditaba tsa setjhaba ho susumetsa hore na diqeto tsa
ditjhelete kapa dikgetho di etswa jwang.Lo mqondo uphenye izinkomba zokufakwa kwezezimali kugcizelelwa ukuxhumana
nabantu emazweni akhethiwe ase-Afrika, okungukuthi, iDemocratic Republic of the
Congo, Kenya, ESwatini kanye neNingizimu Afrika. Abantu abaningi e-Afrika
basabekelwe nxanye ekusebenziseni izinsizakalo ezisemthethweni zezezimali.
Ukufakwa kwezezimali okuphansi kungaholela ekungalingani kwemali engenayo,
ubumpofu kanye nokukhula komnotho okuntengantengayo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo
bekuwukuqonda nokuchaza ukufakwa kwezezimali, ngenkathi kubhekwa imiphumela
yokuxhumana nabantu ekufakweni kwezezimali. Ukuhlola okwenziwe ngamandla
kwenziwa ukuze kusungulwe ubudlelwano obucatshangelwayo. Ucwaningo lube
nomthelela ohlakeni lwezincwadi olukhona ngoba lunqume umnikelo wokuxhumana
nabantu ekufakweni kwezezimali ngakunye, isihloko ebesingakahlolwa ngokwanele.
Amamodeli kaProbit aqhutshwa, kusetshenziswa idatha yeZinhlolovo zikaFinscope
ukulinganisa izinkomba zokufakwa kwezezimali emazweni akhethiwe ase-Afrika.
Lokhu okuguqukayo okulandelayo kubhekiwe: ubudala, ubulili, isimo somshado,
ubufakazi bendawo yokuhlala, ukufinyelela kwebhange, indawo, isimo semfundo,
ukuxhumana nomphakathi, ukuthola izeluleko ngezezimali, umholo wanyanga zonke,
imali engenayo yonyaka, ukufinyelela kuyi-inthanethi nokusetshenziswa
komakhalekhukhwini. Amamodeli wamathuba wokulinganisa asetshenziselwe
ukubheka ukuqina. Kusetshenziswe amaphutha angaguquki aqinile ukunciphisa
umphumela wokungafani.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemininingwane ehlanganisiwe kukhombisile ukuthi ukuxhumana
nomphakathi kunomthelela omkhulu ekufakweni kwezezimali emazweni amaningi
ase-Afrika akhethiwe, ngaphandle kweDemocratic Republic of the Congo, yize
kwatholakala ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano. Imiphumela futhi ikhombise ukuthi
okuguquguqukayo 'ukufinyelela kuyi-inthanethi' kubalulekile kuwo wonke amasethi
wedatha wezwe, ngaphandle kweDRC. Ukuhlukahluka 'kokuthola izeluleko
zezezimali' kubalulekile kuwo wonke amasethi wedatha amahlanu.
Ucwaningo luncoma ukuthi ohulumeni bamazwe abafundile batshale imali ekwenzeni
ngcono ingqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe bezokwazisa nokuxhumana emazweni
abo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo zezezimali nokusetshenziswa
kwazo. Ekugcineni, njengengxenye yokufakwa kwezezimali, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo ebumbene yokusabalalisa izeluleko zezezimali nge-inthanethi kanye
nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze kube nomthelela ekutheni izinqumo zezimali noma
ukukhetha kwenziwa kanjani.D. Phil. (Management Studies)Business Managemen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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