1,720,960 research outputs found
Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used against Malaria in Butembo City (D. R. Congo).
No full textMalaria is a major global public health problem in the world especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo. An Ethnopharmacological survey was conducted in Butembo city (Democratic Republic of Congo) in order to identify the plant species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria. Fifty-four healers belonging to different ethnic groups were interviewed about the plant species used in traditional medicine for the management of malaria in the city of Butembo. The name of the plants, the plant parts, the modes of preparation and the modes of administration of recipes were recorded. Cited plants were collected and identified at herbarium of the Laboratory of Ecology and Plants Resource Management, Faculty of Sciences, “Université Officielle de Bukavu”. The plants ecological status was also determined. Forty six species of plants belonging to twenty seven botanical families were identified. The main habitat preference of species is cultivated (56%), trees constituted 37% of morphological type while 42% of biological type are Microphanerophytes and Nanophanerophytes (each one 21%). The decoction was the main mode of preparation (80 %). Leaves constituted 67 % of plant organs used for drug preparation. Some plant species cited (54%) are known in the literature to possess antimalarial activity. Further studies should be undertaken to investigate effectiveness of other plants that have not yet been studied and to determine their chemical composition
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Ocimum canun from Mbuji-Mayi DR Congo
Get PDFDPPH radical scavenging activity of essential oil from fresh leaves of Ocimum canum Sims as well as methanolic, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane crude extracts, from dried leaves were analysed. The methanolic extract has the low IC50 so the strongest radical scavenging activity among extracts of Ocimum canum with IC50 values of 0.0234 mg.mL-1. Ethyl acetate , Dichloromethane and essential oil showed respectively IC50 values of 0.0767, 0.1938 and 1.4217 mg.mL-1. So, polar extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than none-polar ones. None-polar solvents have provided fewer extraction yields than polar. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of Ocimum canum has been done and led to the identification of 1,8-Cineole as major compoun
Electronic Effects of Substituted Aromatic Ring on the Methanogenic Toxicity
No full textA study of the substituents electronic effects on the methanogenic toxicity of aromatic compounds was realized at room temperature using the standard method of serum bottles. The pig digested manure and sodium acetate (pH 7) were used as inoculum and substrate, respectively. The toxicity on the acetoclastic methanogens (archaea) was determined by measuring the methane gas volume produced by serum bottles liquid displacement system (Mariotte flask system). The obtained results indicate a correlation between the nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring and their inhibitory effects on the biosynthesis of the methane gas by the acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria. Of the 13 studied compounds, Nitrobenzene and Phloroglucinol, with IC50 values of 3.92 and 3151.49 mg/L, respectively, were the most and the least toxic compounds
Potential New Sources of Oleic Acids from Wild Plants from Kivu, D.R. Congo
No full textOleic oil is one of the better known fatty acid for consumption and from a health standpoint. It is known to slow the development of heart disease and to produce antioxidants. Oils from Carapa grandiflora and Carapa procera (Meliaceae), Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae), Maesopsis eminii (Rhamnaceae), Millettia dura (Fabaceae), Pentaclethra macrophylla (Fabaceae), Podocarpus usambarensis (Podocarpaceae) and Treculia africana (Moraceae) were analysed using gas chromatography to determine their fatty acids composition. These plants are very frequent and grow wild in Kahuzi-Biega National Park and surrounding in the Kivu region, D.R. Congo and are used by the local population mainly for nutrition and medical purposes. Twenty-four fatty acids were determined and oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in the seed oil from six of the eight analyzed plant species, with 41.2% in C. grandiflora, 42.8% in C. procera, 39.9% in P. usambarensis, 37.5% in C. halicacabum, 37.0% in M. eminii, 30.8% in T. africana and 32.3% in M. dura. The oleic acid fraction in all these 8 analyzed oils ranges 30.8 - 42.8%. In comparison to palm oil and palm olein, commodities with high economic importance which comprise respectively 39.1 and 46.0% oleic acid, C. grandiflora and C. procera (41.2 and 42.8% of oleic acid, respectively) can be new cheap sources of this acid. All analyzed oils here can be used as sources of olein, because the oleic content of all 8 plant species is enough high to be enhanced by fractionation to become a good source of high-oleic oils
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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