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An extended finite element method (XFEM) study on the elastic T-stress evaluations for a notch in a pipe steel exposed to internal pressure
Get PDFThe work investigates the importance of the K-T approach in the modelling of pressure cracked structures. T-stress is the constant in the second term of the Williams expression; it is often negligible, but recent literature has shown that there are cases where T-stress plays the role of opening the crack, also T-stress improves elastic modeling at the point of crack. In this research study, the most important effects of the T-stress are collected and analyzed. A numerical analysis was carried out by the extended finite element method (X-FEM) to analyze T-stress in an arc with external notch under internal pressure. The different stress method (SDM) is employed to calculate T-stress. Moreover, the influence of the geometry of the notch on the biaxiality is also examined. The biaxiality gave us a view on the initiation of the crack. The results are extended with a comparison to previous literature to validate the promising investigations
Etude des défauts présents dans des tuyaux soumis à une pression interne
No full textThe aim of work is the study of pipes with hazardous defects under internal pressure. The problems semi-elliptic external notches in cylindrical shells are considered. The study is undertaken within the frame of fracture mechanics approaches both an experimental and numerical with using the finite elements method. The experimental study is curried out on the model pipe-like specimens, which were designed according to the CODAP recommendations. The measurement of local deformation around the notch area both circumferential and longitudinal direction was done by the gauge-extensometers. The fracture toughness of material was received from the Charpy tests. The numerical study is devoted to determination of the elastic and elastic-plastic stress fields at the notches in cylindrical shells. For case of elastic field, the stress intensity factors were calculated for the axes-symmetric and semi-elliptic notches according to their geometrical parameters and size of shells. The received results have been compared with the existed data in literature. For case of elastic-plastic field, the volumetric method is used to determine the notch stress intensity factor at the bottom of the longitudinal and circumferential notches. The calculation of the T-stress by finite elements method showed that this stress is stress of compression in the case both longitudinal and circumferential defectsLe but de ce travail est l étude de la nocivité des défauts dans les tuyaux soumis à une pression interne. Nous nous intéressons aux problèmes des entailles externes semi-elliptiques dans des coques cylindriques. L étude, menée dans le cadre de l application de la mécanique de rupture, est abordée par une approche expérimentale et une approche numérique par éléments finis. Une étude expérimentale, est réalisée à l aide de maquettes, conçues selon les recommandations CODAP. Celles-ci, munies de défauts circonférentiel et longitudinal, sont instrumentées par des jauges extensométriques. La ténacité du matériau est déterminée par l essai Charpy. L étude numérique, des domaines élastique et élastoplastique, est basée sur l utilisation d un bloc d entaille développé et calibré pour les coques cylindriques. Dans le domaine élastique, aussi bien pour les entailles axisymétriques que semi-elliptiques, nous avons calculé les Facteurs d Intensité de Contraintes en fonction des paramètres géométriques des coques et des entailles. Les résultats sont comparés aux résultats existants dans la littérature. Dans le domaine élastoplastique, la méthode volumétrique est utilisée pour déterminer le Facteur d Intensité de Contraintes d entailles, pour une entaille longitudinale et circonférentielle. Le calcul de la contrainte T, par éléments finis, dans le cas de défauts longitudinal et circonférentiel, montre que cette contrainte est de compression, justifiant physiquement une propagation stabl
Study of defects influence on fracture of pipes under an internal pressure
No full textLe but de ce travail est l étude de la nocivité des défauts dans les tuyaux soumis à une pression interne. Nous nous intéressons aux problèmes des entailles externes semi-elliptiques dans des coques cylindriques. L étude, menée dans le cadre de l application de la mécanique de rupture, est abordée par une approche expérimentale et une approche numérique par éléments finis. Une étude expérimentale, est réalisée à l aide de maquettes, conçues selon les recommandations CODAP. Celles-ci, munies de défauts circonférentiel et longitudinal, sont instrumentées par des jauges extensométriques. La ténacité du matériau est déterminée par l essai Charpy. L étude numérique, des domaines élastique et élastoplastique, est basée sur l utilisation d un bloc d entaille développé et calibré pour les coques cylindriques. Dans le domaine élastique, aussi bien pour les entailles axisymétriques que semi-elliptiques, nous avons calculé les Facteurs d Intensité de Contraintes en fonction des paramètres géométriques des coques et des entailles. Les résultats sont comparés aux résultats existants dans la littérature. Dans le domaine élastoplastique, la méthode volumétrique est utilisée pour déterminer le Facteur d Intensité de Contraintes d entailles, pour une entaille longitudinale et circonférentielle. Le calcul de la contrainte T, par éléments finis, dans le cas de défauts longitudinal et circonférentiel, montre que cette contrainte est de compression, justifiant physiquement une propagation stableThe aim of work is the study of pipes with hazardous defects under internal pressure. The problems semi-elliptic external notches in cylindrical shells are considered. The study is undertaken within the frame of fracture mechanics approaches both an experimental and numerical with using the finite elements method. The experimental study is curried out on the model pipe-like specimens, which were designed according to the CODAP recommendations. The measurement of local deformation around the notch area both circumferential and longitudinal direction was done by the gauge-extensometers. The fracture toughness of material was received from the Charpy tests. The numerical study is devoted to determination of the elastic and elastic-plastic stress fields at the notches in cylindrical shells. For case of elastic field, the stress intensity factors were calculated for the axes-symmetric and semi-elliptic notches according to their geometrical parameters and size of shells. The received results have been compared with the existed data in literature. For case of elastic-plastic field, the volumetric method is used to determine the notch stress intensity factor at the bottom of the longitudinal and circumferential notches. The calculation of the T-stress by finite elements method showed that this stress is stress of compression in the case both longitudinal and circumferential defect
Etude des défauts présents dans des tuyaux soumis à une pression interne
No full textLe but de ce travail est l étude de la nocivité des défauts dans les tuyaux soumis à une pression interne. Nous nous intéressons aux problèmes des entailles externes semi-elliptiques dans des coques cylindriques. L étude, menée dans le cadre de l application de la mécanique de rupture, est abordée par une approche expérimentale et une approche numérique par éléments finis. Une étude expérimentale, est réalisée à l aide de maquettes, conçues selon les recommandations CODAP. Celles-ci, munies de défauts circonférentiel et longitudinal, sont instrumentées par des jauges extensométriques. La ténacité du matériau est déterminée par l essai Charpy. L étude numérique, des domaines élastique et élastoplastique, est basée sur l utilisation d un bloc d entaille développé et calibré pour les coques cylindriques. Dans le domaine élastique, aussi bien pour les entailles axisymétriques que semi-elliptiques, nous avons calculé les Facteurs d Intensité de Contraintes en fonction des paramètres géométriques des coques et des entailles. Les résultats sont comparés aux résultats existants dans la littérature. Dans le domaine élastoplastique, la méthode volumétrique est utilisée pour déterminer le Facteur d Intensité de Contraintes d entailles, pour une entaille longitudinale et circonférentielle. Le calcul de la contrainte T, par éléments finis, dans le cas de défauts longitudinal et circonférentiel, montre que cette contrainte est de compression, justifiant physiquement une propagation stableThe aim of work is the study of pipes with hazardous defects under internal pressure. The problems semi-elliptic external notches in cylindrical shells are considered. The study is undertaken within the frame of fracture mechanics approaches both an experimental and numerical with using the finite elements method. The experimental study is curried out on the model pipe-like specimens, which were designed according to the CODAP recommendations. The measurement of local deformation around the notch area both circumferential and longitudinal direction was done by the gauge-extensometers. The fracture toughness of material was received from the Charpy tests. The numerical study is devoted to determination of the elastic and elastic-plastic stress fields at the notches in cylindrical shells. For case of elastic field, the stress intensity factors were calculated for the axes-symmetric and semi-elliptic notches according to their geometrical parameters and size of shells. The received results have been compared with the existed data in literature. For case of elastic-plastic field, the volumetric method is used to determine the notch stress intensity factor at the bottom of the longitudinal and circumferential notches. The calculation of the T-stress by finite elements method showed that this stress is stress of compression in the case both longitudinal and circumferential defectsMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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