463 research outputs found
Magnetism and structure of Ca3Co206 and Ca3Co409 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
No full textCette thèse porte sur l'étude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques des couches minces de cobaltite de types Ca3C0206 et Ca3C0409 déposées par ablation laser pulsée sur des substrats d'AI20 3(OOl). Ce travail a d'abord consisté en l'élaboration de couches minces polycristallines de Ca3C0206 et épitaxiées de Ca3C0409. En ce qui concerne la cobaltite Ca3C0206, on a pu déterminer la valeur du gap optique et qui est en accord avec les valeurs obtenues par des études théoriques. Le résultat le plus original est qu'on a démontré que les propriétés magnétiques sont très sensibles à la taille des échantillons. On note que les plateaux d'aimantation observés à 2 K dans les couches minces de Ca3C0206 disparaissent pour les couches fines ayant une épaisseur inférieure à 60 nm. Cette disparition des plateaux d'aimantation est accompagnée de l'apparition d'une transition magnétique additionnelle vers 45 K. Nos résultats sont incompatibles avec l'effet tunnel quantique de l'aimantation comme mécanisme à l'origine des plateaux d'aimantation, et soutiennent les prédictions des modèles Monte-Carlo. Quant aux couches minces de Ca3C0409, on a déterminé la nature et l'origine des défauts structuraux qui sont souvent observés par microscopie électronique en transmission. Ces défauts correspondent à la formation de phase parasite de CaC020 4. La formation de cette phase parasite est due à la haute température de dépôt (750°C), à la grande pression appliquée par le substrat d'AI20 3(OOl) (5.5 GPa) à travers les contraintes et à une possible non stoechiométrie locale de la cible. Ces défauts structuraux influencent les propriétés magnétiques, en réduisant le champ coercitif et l'aimantation rémanente par rapport à ceux du Ca3C0409 massif.This thesis focuses on the study of structural and magne tic properties of Ca3C0206 and Ca3C0409 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on Alz03(001) substrates. This work initially involved the elaboration of polycrystalline Ca3C0206 and epitaxial Ca3C0409 thin films. Regarding the Ca3C0206 cobaltite, we were able to determine the value of the optical band gap, which is in agreement with the values obtained by theoretical studies. More interestingly, we have
demonstrated that the magnetic properties are very sensitive to sample size. The magnetization plateaus observed at 2 K in Ca3C0206 thin films disappear for thin films with a thickness below 60 nm. This disappearance of the magnetization steps is accompanied by the appearance of an additional magnetic transition around 45 K. Our results are inconsistent with the quantum tunneling of magnetization as a mechanism for the origin of magnetization plateaus, and support more the predictions of Monte Carlo based models. For the Ca3C0409 films, we have determined the nature and the origin of structural defects that are often observed by transmission electron microscopy. These defects are constituted of the CaC020 4 parasitic phase. The formation of this spurious phase is due to the high deposition temperature (750 oC), the high pressure applied by the AI20 3(OOl) substrate (5.5 GPa) and the possibility of a local non-stoichiometry of the target. These structural defects affect the magne tic properties, by reducing the coercivity and remanent magnetization with respect to those of the Ca3C0409 bulk samples
What Does It Mean to Say That Procedure Is Political?
No full textProcedure is not the first field of law to face controversy along these lines. Law’s independence from politics, in both its descriptive and normative aspects, is a century long legal challenge.9 This Article aims to clarify what we mean when we characterize procedure as political, as well as to understand some of the harms generated by failing to confront and acknowledge the political. This is a preliminary step in approaching future formulations of procedural rules if they cannot be depoliticized
Multi-regression analysis between stable isotope composition and hydrochemical parameters in karst springs to provide insights into groundwater origin and subsurface processes: regional application to Lebanon
No full textJoint applications of isotope characterization using δ2H, δ18O and geochemical analyses have allowed for a better conceptualization of hydrological systems and helped in the evaluation and management of water resources. Processes of infiltration, and evapotranspiration (ETP), as well as mixing in the unsaturated zone, incur changes in the meteoric δ2H-δ18O signal that is transferred to groundwater during recharge. Previous studies on the isotopic composition of atmospheric precipitation highlight the importance of rainwater differentiation in terms of chemical composition and isotopic signature as a function of topographical and orographic variations as well as natural and anthropogenic impacts and identified altitude gradients for both δ2H and δ18O. In this work, a comparative correlative analysis of stable oxygen and deuterium isotopes was conducted on selected Lebanese springs. At the first stage, a hydrochemical analysis allowed the characterization of the springs and their clustering according to their predominant ionic content and aquifer units. Additionally, a multi-regression analysis reveals a relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and other easily measured parameters at the spring such as temperature, electrical conductivity, elevation, and easting and northing. The obtained relationship validated on a second campaign was attributed qualitatively to the extent and elevation of the spring catchment, the depth of flow, mixing, the snow effect, and residence time. Moreover, outliers characterized by a very large catchment area or allochthonous recharge could be outlined in the set of investigated springs. The results show that the stable isotopic signature indicative of recharge areas can be inferred based on easily measured spring parameters and can, therefore, help in the identification of protection zones and direct areas of spring recharge from a regional dataset. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Strain enhanced magnetic anisotropy in SmCo/BaTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures
No full textWe report on the changes in magnetic properties of SmCo/BaTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures as the BaTiO3 substrate undergoes its structural phase transitions. The observations show that the macroscopic magnetization of the SmCo film is affected by the structural phase transitions of the BaTiO3 substrate. Kerr microscopy images show that the magnetic domains of SmCo films have a zigzag shape but their shape is not influenced by the strain transferred from the substrate during the structural phase transitions. Analysis of the magnetoelastic energy shows that the macroscopic change of the magnetization is accompanied by an enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy for the orthorhombic phase of the BaTiO3 substrate and not a change in symmetry of the anisotropy.</p
Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in SmCo5 amorphous films with imprinted in-plane magnetic anisotropy
No full textWe report on magnetoresistance measurements in SmCo5 amorphous films with a giant imprinted magnetic anisotropy. At low applied field parallel to the easy axis, the magnetoresistance exhibits a hysteretic, square, and antisymmetric shape. The antisymmetry in the magnetoresistance is a result of the non-uniform distribution of the magnetization direction over the sample in conjunction with the extraordinary Hall effect. Moreover, the combination of anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements and magnetic domain imaging demonstrates that the symmetry depends on the magnetization orientation with respect to the applied field.</p
Lokalne oblasti kot subjekti zagotavljanja javnega reda in miru
No full textPurpose:
This paper deals with the legal regulation of Estonia’s public order from the aspect of local governments. The purpose of the article is to analyse relevant Estonian legislation to help identify problems and make suggestions for improvement. Proposals are intended for the institutions involved in developing legislation in Estonia. Local governments in the country act according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992), but still retain enough legal autonomy to decide on local affairs independently of the state government.
Methods:
The paper is based on an analysis of national legislation. In the legal research, the author pays attention to written sources of law, e.g. the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992), and subsequent legal acts regulating public order.
Findings:
The main task of local government is to provide public services and improve the quality of the living environment. In Estonia, the principal provider of internal security is the Police and Border Guard Board. It is the responsibility of local government to assist the national structures in fulfilling their duties. On the other hand, the municipalities are required to ensure public order within their territories. The legal power given by parliament to local governments to carry out such activities is insufficient to ensure the law is enforced.
Practical Implications:
The findings in this paper highlight areas in which the legal regulation could be improved.
Originality/Value:
Although the legal basis for Estonian municipalities’ operations has been studied carefully, it is necessary to examine issues concerning the links between local governments and public order in detail. The continually changing legislation makes the situation complex to handle. It also provides an opportunity for international comparative analysis with other European Union member states.Namen prispevka:
Prispevek prikazuje estonsko pravno podlago zagotavljanja javnega reda in miru z vidika lokalnih oblasti. Namen prispevka je analizirati veljavno zakonodajo, identificirati težave in pripraviti predloge za izboljšave. Predlogi izboljšav so namenjeni institucijam, zadolženim za pripravo estonske zakonodaje. Lokalne oblasti sicer delujejo v skladu z estonsko ustavo, vendar imajo tudi določeno mero pravne avtonomije.
Metode:
Prispevek temelji na analizi nacionalne zakonodaje, predvsem ustave in zakonskih predpisov, ki urejajo področje javnega reda in miru.
Ugotovitve:
Glavna naloga lokalnih oblasti je zagotavljanje javnih storitev in čim večje kakovosti bivalnega okolja. Notranjo varnost v Estoniji zagotavlja policija (angl. Police and Border Guard Board), lokalne oblasti pa sodelujejo pri izpolnjevanju varnostnih nalog državnih organov ter hkrati zagotavljajo javni red in mir na svojem območju. Pooblastila lokalnih oblasti za izvajanje teh dejavnosti niso zadostna.
Praktična uporabnost:
Ugotovitve prispevka lahko pripomorejo k izboljšanju pravne ureditve.
Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka:
V prispevku je predstavljena pravna podlaga za delovanje lokalnih oblasti na področju zagotavljanja javnega reda in miru, ki je zaradi nenehnih sprememb zakonodaje na tem področju precej zapletena. Prispevek predstavlja tudi osnovo za nadaljnjo primerjalno analizo z drugimi članicami Evropske unije
Provedba crkvenog nauka o liturgijskoj inkulturaciji u Indoneziji. Slučaj reda mise na indonezijskom jeziku
No full textThough the term inculturation is a neologism, as a practice, it has been implemented by the Church since its birth. The issue of inculturation is indeed a global Church concern but has become more urgent for young Churches, including the Catholic Church in Indonesia. This article raises the problematics of liturgical inculturation in the Indonesian Catholic Church, hoping it can reflect similar issues on a broader scale. The author focuses on the implementation of the Catholic Church's teachings on liturgical inculturation, discussing the case of the formulation process of the Order of Mass in the Indonesian language. This article is based on library research examining the Church's teachings on liturgical inculturation and their implementation within the Indonesian Catholic Church through a case study of the formulation of the Order of Mass in the Indonesian language. The findings present the dynamics of liturgical inculturation movements in the Indonesian Catholic Church, ranging from strong enthusiasm – sometimes exceeding boundaries – to efforts to faithfully adhere to Church liturgical traditions in line with established norms. To a certain extent, the formulation process of the Order of Mass in the Indonesian language illustrates the practice of liturgical inculturation in Indonesia.Iako je pojam »inkulturacija« novotvorenica, kao praksu Crkva ju provodi od svog rođenja. Pitanje inkulturacije uistinu je crkveno pitanje u cijelom svijetu, ali postalo je hitnije za mlade Crkve, što uključuje i Katoličku Crkvu u Indoneziji. Ovaj članak želi pokrenuti problematiku liturgijske inkulturacije u Katoličkoj crkvi Indonezije u nadi da može poslužiti kao odraz sličnih problema u širim okvirima. Autor se usredotočuje na članak o provedbi nauka Katoličke Crkve o liturgijskoj inkulturaciji raspravljajući o slučaju procesa oblikovanja Reda mise na indonezijskom jeziku. Ovaj je članak bibliotečno istraživanje koje se temelji na nauku Crkve o liturgijskoj inkulturaciji i nastoji oko njegove provedbe u indonezijskoj Katoličkoj crkvi kroz studiju slučaja formulacije Reda mise na indonezijskom jeziku. Rezultat ovog istraživanja predstavit će postojeću dinamiku liturgijskih inkulturacijskih pokreta u indonezijskoj Katoličkoj Crkvi, koja se kreće od snažnog entuzijazma, koji može ići preko granica, do nastojanja da se poslušno slijedi tradicija crkvene liturgije u skladu s postojećim liturgijskim normama. U određenoj mjeri proces oblikovanja Reda mise na indonezijskom jeziku može prikazati praksu liturgijske inkulturacije u Indoneziji
Effects of hydrogen implantation on the magnetocaloric properties of amorphous FeZr films
No full textWe report on the effects of H-implantation on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of amorphous FeZr films. Arrott plots reveal a second order ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition for the as-grown and H-implanted films, with an increase in T-C from 160 to 200 K upon implantation. The maximum change in magnetic entropy (-Delta S-M) increases from 0.66 to 0.77J/kgK for a field change mu 0 Delta H = 1.5T, as well as the relative cooling power (RCP) values were improved from 84.5 to 108.6J/kg. This improvement was attributed to the increase in magnetization and chemical inhomogeneity induced by the implantation process. The increase in the chemical inhomogeneity was supported by the determination of the local exponent n extracted from the slope of Ln(-Delta S-M) as a function of Ln(mu 0H), which is line with the simulated depth profile of hydrogen atoms through the FeZr film.</p
Random magnetic anisotropy approach in amorphous Fe<sub>88.4</sub>Zr<sub>11.6</sub> films : Effects of hydrogen implantation
No full textThe effects of hydrogen implantation on the magnetic properties in amorphous Fe88.4Zr11.6Hx films with different hydrogen contents (0≤ x≤16) were investigated. The Curie temperature increases with increasing hydrogen content while the coercivity presents an important decrease upon H implantation. Based on the analysis of the approach to saturation in magnetization, the local random anisotropy constant KL was extracted. The local random anisotropy constant decreases from 1.468 MJ/m3 to 0.667 MJ/m3 when the concentration of H increases from 0 to 16%. The ferromagnetic correlation length was found to significantly increase with increasing hydrogen content. The local anisotropy was also extracted from the coercivity based on the Alben and Becker theory, which fits reasonably with that obtained using random magnetic anisotropy approach.</p
Anisotropic Magnetostriction and Domain Wall Motion in Sm10Co90 Amorphous Films
No full textWe show that Sm10Co90 amorphous films exhibit anisotropic magnetostriction effects when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the imprinted easy axis of magnetization. At low applied fields (0-100 mT), we observe strong anisotropy in the field response. Parallel to the applied field, the strain scales linearly with the applied field while the strain perpendicular to the field direction ( easy axis) is close to the detection limit. This behavior is accompanied by zigzag domain wall motion with the corners pointing along the easy axis. The origin of the anisotropic magnetostriction is discussed.</p
- …
