1,721,049 research outputs found
Effects of financial leverage on real estate investments
No full textProperty Finance is an authoritative guide to both the financial and legal issues surrounding real estate financing. Unique in its exclusive focus on the topic, this book builds from a solid theoretical foundation to provide practical tools and real-world solutions. Beginning with a discussion of the general issues encountered in real estate finance from an international perspective, the authors delve into country-specific information and set out the legal peculiarities of eight important countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, China, India, England and Wales) by asking questions of relevance to the leading local law firms specializing in real estate financing. The reader may thus consider in greater depth the problems relating to any given country and compare and contrast the positions under different legal systems.
Examples with numerical calculations and contract excerpts enhance the explanations presented, and are immediately followed by practical case studies that illustrate the mechanisms at work. The companion website features downloadable spreadsheets used in the examples, power point presentations, as well as real estate news and more.
Property financing entails many sources of capital, including both debt and equity resources as well as hybrid forms like preferred equity and mezzanine debt. Knowing how to work with these avenues is important to ensuring financial sustainability in real estate assets. Property Finance covers the most common issues encountered, helping readers prepare for and find a way around possible roadblocks.
Consider the issues surrounding real estate lending at an international level
Compare and contrast the positions under different legal systems
Develop an international perspective on cash flows and financing agreements
Use powerful tools to structure financing and gauge its effects on property financing
The success of a real estate investment is dependent upon optimal financing, and a mere bird's eye view of the topic does not fully prepare investors for issues ahead: Property Finance provides a knowledge-based approach to real estate investment, detailed information and powerful tools
AA6082 Friction stir welded joints: propagation during impact test
No full textAA6082 Friction stir welded joints: propagation during impact tes
Effetti della leva finanziaria nelle operazioni immobiliari
No full textNel corso di questo capitolo illustreremo gli effetti della leva finanziaria
nel contesto degli investimenti immobiliari. Come tale, il capitolo
ha tre obiettivi principali:
1. esaminare l’impatto dell’uso del leverage sulla relazione rischiorendimento
in funzione di due elementi critici:
• il rapporto loan to value;
• lo spread fra i rendimenti unlevered degli investimenti e il
costo del debito;
2. chiarire le circostanze in cui l’uso della leva finanziaria è appropriato;
3. esporre alcune illustrazioni sull’uso della leva finanziaria
Development and validation of a probabilistic model for notch fatigue strength prediction of tool steels based on surface defects
Full text linkA new model for the high cycle notch fatigue strength prediction of tool steels subjected to axial loading is proposed, based on previous literatures studies and experimental tests carried out on six different tool steels, including rotating bending fatigue tests on notched specimens, fractographic analyses, hardness, residual stress, and roughness measurements. The novelty is the assumption that surface defects are the main cause of notch fatigue failures of such steels. A probabilistic approach was implemented by modeling size distributions of defects, resulting in the prediction of normal distributions of fatigue strength. Like to other previous models, the effect of steel hardness, surface residual stress, notch severity, and specimen size was also taken into account. Model calibration and validation were performed using the data collected by the experimental activity. Model behavior was investigated by performing a sensitivity analysis, aiming to verify the response to variations of the considered input variables. Prediction errors of only 1.3% (on average) and 3.1% (maximum) resulted from the comparison between model-predicted and experimental notch fatigue strength
Influence of solidification defects and degenerate graphite on the static mechanical properties of heavy-section EN-GJS-400-15 ferritic ductile iron castings
No full textExcellent castability and mechanical properties have led ductile irons to gain increasing importance in the heavy-duty transport and renewable energy sectors. Long solidification times involving heavy-section castings can lead to degeneration of graphite spheroids and the formation of solidification defects, negatively affecting their mechanical properties. In this study, the effects of long solidification times (from 3 to 20 h) were investigated in different zones of cubes with sides of (i) 350 mm, (ii) 700 mm and (iii) 1000 mm. An important decrease in mechanical properties was observed with increasing solidification times, attributable to solidification defects and degenerative phenomena affecting graphite spheroids. These results are of great relevance to evaluate the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms heavy-section ductile iron castings of non-standard dimensions in relation to the different solidification conditions occurring inside them
Effect of Different Heat Treatments on Tensile Properties and Unnotched and Notched Fatigue Strength of Cold Work Tool Steel Produced by Powder Metallurgy
Full text linkThe present study investigates the effect of two heat treatments on the microstructure, the tensile and the fatigue properties of a powder metallurgy tool steel that has undergone two heat treatments: quenching and multiple tempering (conventional for powder metallurgy tool steel), and quenching and multiple tempering with an intermediate cryogenic step at −80◦ C (new solution). The findings of the research indicated that the new heat treatment promotes the development of a homogeneous distribution of carbides in the martensitic matrix, with an increase of about 10% in tensile strength and about 7% in elongation to failure. This combination of exceptional strength with a high degree of toughness leads to an improvement in the fatigue behaviour of the steel, which exhibits a higher unnotched and notched fatigue strength (about 15% and 25% respectively) and a lower fatigue notch factor (about 15%) compared to conventionally heat-treated steel. These results highlight that the powder metallurgy tool steel, with the new heat treatment, could be a viable option for the production not only of tools and dies, but also for high-performance automotive components, including even those with complex geometries, such as camshafts or crankshafts
Dalla geografia alle educazioni: spazialità, cura del territorio, cittadinanza
No full textIl breve scritto riflette sulle caratteristiche e le prospettive dei percorsi formativi universitari a vantaggio dei futuri docenti della scuola dell'infanzia e della scuola primaria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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