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Uselessness of percutaneous core needle renal biopsy in the management of small renal masses.
No full textIn the paper “Differentiation of oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma in small renal masses ( <4 cm ): the role of 4-phase computerized tomography” published online August 18, 2010, in World Journal of Urology, Bird V.G. and colleagues [1] write in the Discussion: “With the advancement of imaging techniques, enhancement patterns of renal tumors on CT have evolved to be the best, though limited, non-invasive technique to predict the pathological diagnosis of renal tumors. Implementing this technique to differentiate oncocytoma from the subtypes of RCC will have a great impact on the management of patients. In conclusion, non-invasive differentiation between benign and malignant renal tumors has paramount importance in determining the management plan for patients.”We do not agree with these statements. The small renal masses (SRMs) may be defined as neoplastic lesions <4 cm in diameter, which are more and more often found, especially in elderly and comorbid patients. Today, the vast majority of SRMs are incidentally diagnosed and therefore tend to have a better prognosis [2–4]. Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is the standard care for SRMs (stage pT1a). Patients with SRMs who are treated with NSS exhibit similar recurrence-free (0–3%) and 5-year cancer-specific survival when compared with renal nefrectomy [5–9]. SRMs include malignant and benign tumors. In the urologic practice, all SRMs should be removed with NSS independently from their histological nature. We believe that the differentiation of oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma in SRMs is unnecessary because the tumor should be removed with NSS independently of its histological nature. Non-invasive differentiation between benign and malignant renal tumors has paramount importance in determining the management plan for patients only when the tumor is >4 cm in diameter
Needle core biopsy should replace fine needle aspiration cytology in breast lesions diagnosis
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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