1,720,989 research outputs found
FGQT Q04 - Standardization Roadmap on Quantum Technologies [written by the CEN-CENELEC Focus Group on Quantum Technologies (FGQT)]
Full text linkIn 2018, the European Commission launched its long term and large scale Quantum Technology FET Flagship Program. The European Commission is also very interested in boosting standards for quantum technologies (QT). The Quantum Flagship has its own cooperation and coordination activities to “coordinate national strategies and activities” and in its “Quantum Manifesto” [1] explicitly advises to form “advisory boards” to promote collaboration in standardization. The CEN/CENELEC Focus Group for Quantum Technologies (FGQT) was formed in June 2020 with the goal to support the plans of the Commission.
Currently, a multitude of standardization activities in QT are ongoing worldwide. While there is overlap in certain areas, other areas of this wide technological field are not being addressed at all. A coordinated approach will be highly beneficial to unleash the full potential of standardization for speeding up progress—also because the pool of standardization experts available for quantum technologies is still very limited. Furthermore, not all areas are yet “ready for standardization”, i.e., while in some fields early standardization is capable of boosting progress, it may be a problem in other areas. Thus, an assessment of standardization readiness of the different areas is required, too.
The FGQT was established to identify standardization needs and opportunities for the entire field of QT with the final goal to boost the establishment of new industries in Europe and consequently the development and engineering of unprecedented novel devices and infrastructures for the benefit of European citizens.
The QT standardization roadmap follows a constructive approach, starting with basic enabling technologies, from which QT components and subsystems are constructed, which again are assembled into QT systems that in turn form composite systems, constituting the building blocks for use cases. Thus, the roadmap is structured approximating very closely the categories of the EC quantum technology FET Flagship Program: quantum communication, quantum computing and simulation, quantum metrology, sensing, and enhanced imaging, while the basic enabling technologies and sub-systems are organized in two pools —thus supporting re-use in the different system categories. The separate types of QT unit systems are then foundations of general QT infrastructures or composite systems. On the level of use cases, the QT standardization roadmap describes basic domains of applicability, so-called “meta use cases”, while the detailed use cases are listed in a separate document of the FGQT: “FGQT Q05 Use Cases”.
Finally, the QT standardization roadmap presents an outlook and conclusions, including an actual prioritization of the single identified standardization needs in the form of sequence diagrams (Gantt charts).
This approach differs slightly from the QT “Pillar design” of the EU Quantum Flagship but, in our opinion, it extends it and is better adapted to standardization purposes, while the former is optimally suited as a research program design.
The FGQT is an open group of European-based experts, working in QT research areas or enabling technologies, and of developers of components, products, or services related to QT. If you are based in Europe, and interested in guidelines and standards to help setting up a research infrastructure, or structuring and boosting your market relevance; if you want to improve coordination with your stakeholders and are interested in coordination and exchange with other experts in the field of QT—please consider to join the CEN/CENELEC FGQT.
NOTE 1 European QT standards development in CEN/CENELEC will take place in the new JTC 22 QT (Joint Technical Committee 22 on Quantum Technologies). The work in JTC 22 QT will be guided by the present roadmap doc ument, and it is expected that the FGQT roadmap-development activity will be absorbed/continued by JTC 22 Q
Quantum time: Experimental multitime correlations
Full text linkIn this paper we provide an experimental illustration of Page and Wootters’ quantum time mechanism that is able to describe two-time quantum correlation functions. This allows us to test a Leggett-Garg inequality, showing a violation from the “internal” observer point of view. The “external” observer sees a time-independent global state. Indeed, the scheme is implemented using a narrow-band single photon where the clock degree of freedom is encoded in the photon’s position. Hence, the internal observer that measures the position can track the flow of time, while the external observer sees a delocalized photon that has no time evolution in the experiment time-scale
Spectral Emission Dependence of Tin‐Vacancy Centers in Diamond from Thermal Processing and Chemical Functionalization
Full text linkA systematic photoluminescence (PL) investigation of the spectral emission properties of individual optical defects fabricated in diamond upon ion implantation and annealing is reported. Three spectral lines at 620, 631, and 647 nm are identified and attributed to the SnV center due to their occurrence in the PL spectra of the very same single-photon emitting defects. It is shown that the relative occurrence of the three spectral features can be modified by oxidizing the sample surface following thermal annealing. The relevant emission properties of each class of individual emitters, including the excited state emission lifetime and the emission intensity saturation parameters are reported
Limitations of Bulk Diamond Sensors for Single-Cell Thermometry
Full text linkThe present paper reports on a Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of the experimental situation corresponding to the measurement of the temperature variation in a single cell plated on bulk diamond by means of optical techniques. Starting from previous experimental results, we have determined-in a uniform power density approximation and under steady-state conditions-the total heat power that has to be dissipated by a single cell plated on a glassy substrate in order to induce the typical maximum temperature increase ΔTglass=1 K. While keeping all of the other parameters constant, the glassy substrate has been replaced by a diamond plate. The FEM analysis shows that, in this case, the maximum temperature increase is expected at the diamond/cell interface and is as small as ΔTdiam=4.6×10-4 K. We have also calculated the typical decay time in the transient scenario, which resulted in τ≈ 250 μs. By comparing these results with the state-of-the-art sensitivity values, we prove that the potential advantages of a longer coherence time, better spectral properties, and the use of special field alignments do not justify the use of diamond substrates in their bulk form
Quantum photonics sensing in biosystems
No full textQuantum sensors emerged among quantum technologies as the ones with promising potential applications in the near future. This perspective reviews two leading quantum sensing platforms and their advancements toward biological applications: quantum light sources and color centers in diamonds. Quantum light, including squeezed states and N00N states, allows enhanced phase measurements by surpassing the classical shot noise limits. This advantage can be exploited in several contexts, enabling improved resolution and sensitivity, which are particularly valuable in biological contexts where traditional high-intensity illumination could damage or alter delicate samples. In parallel, color centers in diamonds, specifically nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers, also emerged as promising for sensing applications due to their high sensitivity and biocompatibility. These sensors enable detailed intracellular measurements, such as temperature detection, and show potential for measuring magnetic fields of biological origin. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in translating these technologies from a controlled laboratory environment to practical, widely applicable devices for diverse biological applications. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of quantum sensors in the biological field
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells
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