1,720,969 research outputs found
Sfide nello scenario Industrial Internet of Things: sistemi wireless per la sicurezza funzionale, sistemi di misura distribuiti e comunicazione in tempo reale
No full textI cambiamenti introdotti da Industria 4.0 stanno rivoluzionando profondamente il modo di concepire i sistemi produttivi in molti settori. In passato, le unità produttive negli stabilimenti industriali erano concepite come entità monolitiche in cui gli elementi comunicavano e cooperavano solo all’interno dell’unità stessa. L’inserimento di nuovi elementi talvolta richiede una completa riprogettazione e configurazione della rete di comunicazione. Oggi, in modo molto simile a quanto sta accadendo nel mondo consumer con l’Internet of Things, l’Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sta progressivamente prendendo piede nello scenario industriale. Questo paradigma consente a tutti i componenti di un’unità produttiva di essere parte di una rete globale e distribuita di dispositivi intelligenti che interagiscono per migliorare il processo produttivo. L’efficacia di questo ambiente intelligente si basa su una connettività pervasiva e ubiqua, spesso ottenuta tramite sistemi wireless, in grado di garantire un trasferimento di informazioni veloce, sicuro, affidabile e contestualizzato. Tutte queste caratteristiche giocano un ruolo fondamentale nei domini IIoT dove è richiesto il coordinamento tra sensori, attuatori e sistemi di controllo, ad esempio su quelli che implementano l’interazione uomo–macchina. In questa tesi, affrontiamo tale argomento, concentrandoci sulle sfide nell’integrazione di sistemi di misura distribuiti in tempo reale e sistemi critici per la sicurezza negli scenari IIoT. Soluzioni innovative in questo contesto verranno proposte e verificate attraverso approfonditi test e simulazioni.
Functional safety tramite reti wireless – La prima parte della tesi è incentrata sull’uso di reti e protocolli safety in un ecosistema IIoT. In particolare, verranno discusse le problematiche e le sfide dell’adozione di protocolli safety in reti di comunicazione wireless analizzando i risultati ottenuti da una campagna di test condotta su un prototipo di tale rete. Verrà inoltre verificata e discussa l’effettiva applicabilità in un contesto industriale attraverso un ambiente simulato.
Industrial IoT-Based Distributed Measurement Applications – La seconda parte della tesi affronta il problema dei sistemi di misura distribuiti in ambito IIoT. In primo luogo verrà analizzato il possibile utilizzo di protocolli ideati per le comunicazioni Machine–to–Machine (M2M) per l’interscambio di informazioni dal livello di campo fino al cloud tra sensoristica distribuita. In seguito, verranno riportati e discussi risultati di test condotti in alcune implementazioni di questo protocollo con particolare attenzione al consumo energetico, complessità computazionale e tempi di comunicazione. Al fine di fornire una valutazione significativa, i test sono stati effettuati in piattaforme hardware orientate ai dispositivi embedded utilizzando sistemi di comunicazione sia cablati che wireless.The changes introduced by Industry 4.0 are profoundly revolutionizing the way production systems are conceived in many sectors. In the past, production units in industrial plants were conceived as monolithic entities in which elements communicated and cooperated only within the unit itself. The insertion of new elements sometimes required a complete redesign and configuration of the communication network. Today, in a very similar way to what is happening in the consumer world with the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is progressively taking hold in the industrial scenario. This paradigm enables all the components of a production unit to be part of a global and distributed network of smart devices that interact in order to improve the production process. The effectiveness of this smart environment is based on pervasive and ubiquitous connectivity, often achieved via wireless systems, able to ensure a fast, safe, reliable, and contextualized transfer of information. All these characteristics play a fundamental role in IIoT domains where coordination between sensors, actuators, and control systems is required, for example, on those implements human–machine interaction. In this thesis, we address such a topic, focusing on the challenges in integrating real-time distributed measurement systems and safety critical systems in IIoT scenarios. Innovative solutions in this context will be proposed and verified through extensive testing and simulations.
Wireless–based Functional safety networks – The first part of this thesis focuses on the use of safety networks and protocols in an IIoT ecosystem. In particular, we will discuss the issues and challenges of adopting safety protocols in wireless communication networks by analyzing the results obtained from a test campaign conducted on a prototype of such a network. Moreover, the actual applicability in an industrial context will be verified and discussed through a simulated environment.
Industrial IoT-Based Distributed Measurement Applications – The second part addresses distributed measurement systems in the IIoT domain. First, the possible use of protocols designed for Machine–to–Machine (M2M) communications to exchange information from the field level up to the cloud between distributed sensors is analyzed. Next, test results conducted in some implementations of this protocol will be reported and discussed focusing on power consumption, computational complexity, and communication time. In order to provide a meaningful evaluation, the tests were performed in hardware platforms oriented to embedded devices using both wired and wireless communication systems
Assessment of Different OPC UA Implementations for Industrial IoT-based Measurement Applications
No full textThe Industrial IoT (IIoT) paradigm represents an attractive opportunity for new generation measurement applications, which are increasingly based on efficient and reliable communication systems to allow the extensive availability of continuous data from instruments and/or sensors, thus enabling real-time measurement analysis. Nevertheless, different communication systems and heterogeneous sensors and acquisition systems may be found in an IIoT-enabled measurement application, so that solutions need to be defined to tackle the issue of seamless, effective, and low-latency interoperability. A significant and appropriate solution is the Open Platform Communications (OPC) Unified Architecture (UA) protocol, thanks to its object–oriented structure that allows a complete contextualization of the information. The intrinsic complexity of OPC UA, however, imposes a meaningful performance assessment to evaluate its suitability in the aforementioned context. To this aim, this paper presents the design of a general yet accurate and reproducible measurement setup that will be exploited to assess the performance of the main open source implementations of OPC UA. The final goal of this work is to provide a characterization of the impact of this protocol stack in an IIoT-enabled Measurement System, in particular in terms of both the latency introduced in the measurement process and the power consumption
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Functional Safety Networks and Protocols in the Industrial Internet of Things Era
Get PDFFunctional safety networks are becoming of paramount importance in industrial systems, due to the progressive innovation introduced by the Industry 4.0 paradigm, characterized by high production flexibility, reliability and scalability. In this context, new and challenging applications have emerged such as hyperautomation, which refers to the combination of machine vision, robotics, communication, and learning, with the explicit involvement of humans. This requires the pervasive and ubiquitous connectivity encompassed by the Industrial Internet of Things, typically achieved via wireless systems. As an example, wireless communications are today fundamental to open up to new categories of autonomous devices that can actively collaborate with human personnel in the production process. This challenging scenario has important implications for safety. Indeed, a reliable coordination among sensors, actuators and computing systems is required to provide satisfactory levels of safety, especially in the case of innovative processes and technologies, such as mobile and collaborative robotics. Hence, it becomes imperative to ensure the correct transfer of safety-critical data via communication networks. In this paper, we address the challenges concerned with functional safety networks and protocols in Industrial Internet of Things ecosystems. We first introduce the design characteristics of functional safety networks and discuss the adoption of safety protocols over wireless networks. Then, we specifically address one of such protocols, namely Fail Safety over EtherCAT (FSoE), and provide the results of an extensive experimental session carried out exploiting a prototype system, implemented using commercial devices based on a WiFi network. Finally, the outcomes of the experiments are used as a basis for a discussion about future trends of functional safety in the Industrial Internet of Things era
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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