1,721,016 research outputs found
Il metodo della resistenza all’intervento per la prevenzione delle difficoltà scolastiche e l’individuazione precoce dei disturbi specifici dell’apprendimento: uno studio pilota.
No full textPer identificare tempestivamente il rischio di disturbo specifico di apprendimento (DSA) e per affrontare le difficoltà scolastiche, nella letteratura internazionale è stata dimostrata l’efficacia del modello della resistenza all’intervento (Modello RI). I DSA vengono individuati perché resistenti agli interventi di potenziamento dei prerequisiti scolastici messi in atto all’interno della scuola dagli insegnanti e strutturati su 3 livelli di intensità crescente. Le difficoltà scolastiche possono risolversi più o meno rapidamente mentre la resistenza all’intervento diventa l’indicatore di un possibile rischio per un DSA meritevole di un approfondimento clinico.
Obiettivo. L’obiettivo è di verificare per la prima volta nella realtà scolastica italiana, l’efficacia del modello RI rivolto a bambini in età prescolare. Metodi. Sono stati reclutati, con un codificato screening computerizzato che valuta i prerequisiti all’apprendimento, 210 bambini dell’ultimo anno di alcune scuole dell’infanzia di una città del nordest dell’Italia. Tutti i livelli di potenziamento sono stati gestiti dagli insegnanti: i primi due sono stati attuati all’interno della scuola dell’infanzia. Per i resistenti, il 3° livello è stato attuato durante il 1° anno della scuola primaria. Risultati. 58 bambini (27,62%) del campione totale presentava difficoltà nei prerequisiti. Dopo i due livelli di potenziamento, solo 16 (7,6%) sono risultati resistenti. Questi sono stati sottoposti a un intervento di didattica personalizzato durante il 1° anno della scuola primaria. 10 bambini sono poi stati rivalutati e solo 1 è risultato a rischio per DSA.
Conclusioni. Il metodo RI si è rivelato efficace nel migliorare i prerequisiti all’apprendimento permettendo agli insegnanti di gestire direttamente le attività formative. Questo approccio può migliorare l’efficacia del processo diagnostico dei DSA, individuando tempestivamente i soggetti veramente a rischio per DSA che dovrebbero essere inviati alla valutazione clinica
The clinical interpretation and significance of electronic fetal heart rate patterns 2 h before delivery: an institutional observational study.
No full textA quasi randomized-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of clowntherapy on children’s anxiety and pain levels in emergency department
Full text linkThe aim of the study is to investigate if the presence of medical clowns during painful procedures in the emergency department (ED) affects children's anxiety and pain. Forty children (4-11 years) admitted to the ED with the need of painful procedures were prospectively enrolled. They were randomly assigned to the clown group, where children interacted with clowns or to the control group in which they were entertained by parents and ED nurses. The children's anxiety was assessed by the Children's Anxiety and Pain Scales; pain was evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale and Wong-Backer Scale, according to the children's age. Staff and clown's opinions were evaluated by means of dedicated questionnaires. Children's anxiety levels in the clown group were significantly lower than those compared with the control group, while children's pain levels did not change between the two groups.
CONCLUSION:
The presence of clowns in the ED before and during painful procedures was effective in reducing children's anxiety.
WHAT IS KNOWN:
• Anxiety and fear caused by medical procedures exacerbate children's pain and may interfere with the procedure. • To reduce anxiety, fear, and pain and to facilitate patient's evaluation, different non-pharmacological approaches have been proposed and positive effects of laughter and humor have been reported. What is New: • The presence of clowns in the waiting room and in the ED during medical evaluation and painful procedures helps to reduce children's anxiet
Sublingual ketorolac versus sublingual tramadol for moderate to severe post-traumatic bone pain in children: A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
No full textOBJECTIVES:
To assess the effectiveness of sublingual ketorolac versus sublingual tramadol in reducing the pain associated with fracture or dislocation of extremities in children.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A double-blind, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted in the paediatric emergency department of a research institute. One hundred and thirty-one children aged 4-17 years with suspected bone fracture or dislocation were enrolled. Eligible children were randomised to ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg) and placebo, or to tramadol (2 mg/kg) and placebo by sublingual administration, using a double-dummy technique. Pain was assessed by the patients every 20 min, for a maximum period of 2 h, using the McGrath scale for patients up to 6 years of age, and the Visual Analogue Scale for those older than 6 years of age.
RESULTS:
The mean pain scores fell significantly from eight to four and five in the ketorolac and tramadol groups, respectively, by 100 min (Wilcoxon sign rank test, p<0.001). The mean pain scores for ketorolac were lower than those for tramadol, but these differences were not significant at any time point (Mann-Whitney U Test, p values: 0-20 min: 0.167; 20-40 min: 0.314; 40-60 min: 0.223; 60-80 min: 0.348; 80-100 min: 0.166; 100-120 min: 0.08). The rescue dose of paracetamol-codeine was administered in 2/60 children in the ketorolac group versus 8/65 in the tramadol group (Fisher exact test, p=0.098). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS:
Both sublingual ketorolac and tramadol were equally effective for pain management in children with suspected fractures or dislocations
First trimester maternal serum PIGF, free β-hCG, PAPP-A, PP-13, uterine artery Doppler and maternal history for the prediction of preeclampsia
No full textSomatic symptom disorder was common in children and adolescents attending an emergency department complaining of pain
Full text linkAIM:
The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of somatic pain in a paediatric emergency department (ED).
METHODS:
We conducted a prospective observational study using patients admitted to the ED of an Italian children's hospital between December 2014 and February 2015. We enrolled children aged 7-17 who turned up at the ED complaining of pain. Patients and parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire to allow the analysis of the patients' medical history and provide contact details for follow-up. We divided the enrolled patients into four groups: post-traumatic pain, organic pain, functional pain and somatic pain. The questionnaire was used to define pain characteristics and to generate an impairment score.
RESULTS:
Of the 713 patients who met inclusion criteria, 306 (42.9%) were enrolled in the study. Of these, 135 (44.0%) suffered from post-traumatic pain, 104 (34.0%) from organic pain, 41 (13.4%) from functional pain and 26 (8.6%) from somatic pain. Somatic pain patients had endured pain longer, had missed more school days and had suffered severe functional impairment.
CONCLUSION:
This study highlighted that somatic pain was a significant contributor to paediatric emergency room visits and should be suspected and diagnosed in children reporting pain
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Fruizione e impatto sociale ed economico dei servizi per gli studenti dell'università di Padova.
No full text- …
