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    The “ID card” of ancient materials: spectral signature, colour and thermal analysis. A tool for the monitoring and conservation of the archaeological heritage

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    This work introduces a methodology for characterising and representing the properties of ancient materials and structures. The results achieved are here presented for the artefacts of the archaeological site of Ancient Ostia, near Rome, which is the first case study on which the implementation of our study on the properties of ancient materials begun. The measurement techniques are non destructive techniques for in "situ" measurements, and are based on a portable spectroradiometer and a portable infrared camera. Collected data are then processed to produce the appropriate tabs for describing the optical-visual properties of materials investigated. The final aim of this work is to produce an atlas of the properties of ancient materials, whose aim is to fill a gap of knowledge, but also to create a system for the detection and control of any kind of degradation that such materials may have in time owing to natural and/or incidental causes, and for assessing the quality and durability of the interventions of conservation in archaeological sites as well. The tabs describing the properties of materials could also be considered an useful tool for an approach to the design of lighting systems, design that should be "conscious" of the reality of the archaeological sites, on one side, and of the needs for security and safety, on the other side

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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