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Oltre il piano nomadi. Storia della comunità Rom nell'occupazione Metropoliz a Roma
No full textQuesto lavoro si inserisce in un contesto di ricerca localizzato sul territorio romano, che è oggetto da due anni del cosiddetto Piano Nomadi varato dalla giunta dal prefetto di Roma sotto la giunta del sindaco Gianni Alemanno. Il Piano prevede l’eliminazione mediante sgombero dei campi erroneamente definiti nomadi, e il ricollocamento della popolazione rom in spazi designati alle periferie della città. Oggetto di un dossier curato da Amnesty International (“La risposta sbagliata”2010) e di numerose pubblicazioni da parte di associazioni del settore (Associazione 21 luglio, tra gli altri “Linea 40”), che ne denunciano le pratiche come lesive dei diritti umani fondamentali, ha raggiunto in questi due anni lo scopo per il quale fu creato: la soppressione dei campi abusivi e la reclusione della popolazione rom in campi controllati. Solo poche comunità sono riuscite ad opporre resistenza ed aiutate dalle associazioni hanno intrapreso un cammino di lotta per il diritto all’abitare degno. Una di queste comunità è quella attualmente residente all’interno di una occupazione gestita da un movimento di lotta per la casa romano, su Via Prenestina: Metropoliz, la città meticcia.
Il lavoro presenta la storia di questa comunità Rom dal suo arrivo a Roma fino all’ingresso all’interno dell’occupazione e le sfide che si trova ad affrontare nei confronti delle due associazioni che l’hanno assistita nel percorso verso l’autodeterminazione. Una parte rilevante del lavoro è dedicata alla tematica dell’utilizzo del linguaggio come scelta politica determinata, da parte di tutte le parti in causa
Goalpost. Scoring Point for Millennium Development Goals,2011- Area 7-Develop a local partnership for development-
No full textThis work has been prepared by the 2011 Millennium University Studio Team (MUST) set up within a
joint Sapienza Università di Roma – UN –HABITAT project to test the implementation of the UN’s
Millennium Development Goals through a “Reality Studio” in a low-income settlement in the developing
world. The settlement was Homa Bay, a Kenyan town on the shores of Lake Victoria where a major water
and sanitation project is being implemented by UN- HABITAT.
The Millennium University Studio Team was selected after the conclusion of an intensive Course of Higher
Learning the Millennium Development Goals offered by Sapienza Università di Roma. The team was
composed of fifteen young graduates from five countries (South Sudan, Tanzania, Greece, South Africa and
Italy) trained in a range of development fields – public health, agronomy, anthropology, engineering,
economics, physical planning and design. The Team was led by the MUST project manager, Alice Siragusa.
The project was spurred and coordinated by Pietro Garau, former head of research at UN-HABITAT and cochair
of the Millennium Project’s Task force on Improving the Lives of Slum Dwellers
Appunti per una storia dello spazio: piazza Tahrir e reti virtuali nell'Egitto della rivoluzione
No full textIl lavoro si presenta come un’analisi della rivoluzione di piazza Tahrir, alla riscoperta della riappropriazione dello spazio della piazza da parte della popolazione, attraverso l’utilizzo combinato dei social network e dei media tradizionali. La prima parte a cura di Mattia Bonfanti analizza il contesto dei 18 giorni di rivoluzione al Cairo. Il mancato ascolto delle istanze democratiche e un contesto politico affetto da cronica corruzione e miopia della classe dirigente egiziana, ha portato allo scoppio della protesta di piazza Tahrir il 25 gennaio 2011, i cui esiti restano a tutt’oggi controversi. La seconda parte a cura di Maria Grazia Montella si delinea come una riflessione sull’exploit dei social media come “ritorno alla fisicità” e riscoperta delle manifestazioni spaziali e fisiche del dissenso. La connessione tra lo spazio virtuale della rete e lo spazio fisico della piazza è storica, politica e culturale e si innesta nelle riflessioni prese in prestito da Lefebvre e Foucault.The work presents an analysis of the Egyptian uprising and of its most known rich place Tahrir Square. The process of re-appropriation of the space of the square through the combined use of social networks and traditional media is traced through the division in two parts. The first one outlines the political context and the eighteen days of the uprising in Cairo. The author identifies the principal causes of the revolution burst in the failure in listening the people’s request for democracy and in the chronic corruption of the government. The second part argues that the massive usage of the social networks has to be seen as a back to the physical, a revival of spatial and physic demonstration of the dissent. The connection between the virtual space of the internet and the real space of the square is historical, political, and cultural and it has to be sought in Foucault and Lefebvre reflections
Market and religious places in the multicultural urban spaces as key spaces of the social integration
No full textThe spaces of the city in which it takes place are of great interest for the researcher who wishes to deepen the links between the processes of inclusion of migrants into the host society and their particular work. The sharing of space, in the case of city markets, and the "permeability on the road" (Fioretti, 2013) in the case of ethnic shops, the organization within each bank or shop of the working hours, participation in traders associations are important parameters for the understanding of the level of sharing of the city.Conflicts in urban space are one of the main issue concerning the urban planning and its developing process nowadays. Observing and analyzing the ways in which these conflicts interfere with urban processes, give us the opportunity to ask for new methods and tools in our discipline and to look for comprehensive and multi-focus solutions. The paper underlines the stressful processes that lie ahead the places of worship and the urban markets. We select these places among others due to their ability in aggregating different people and because they are place in which the overlapping of functions and scopes between (with?) resident and migrant population are extremely visible.
The asymmetries of power, covered by the rhetoric of cooperation and integration, are enduring and strong as never before, due also to the recent economic crises that increased social conflicts. This is more evident in urban space, where the demand for new integration policies clashes with the fear of diversity, the “alter” who does not come from “our place”. The research deals with these reflections and merges the planning approach with the anthropological one, trying to give new perspectives and to formulate new mixed planning practices
Multicultural planning e integrazione. I mercati multietnici come nuove eterotopie dell'insorgenza
Get PDFMy PhD thesis focuses on the role urban planning can play in the management of diversity in the city. In European countries, migration policies have failed to create a common and shared space to deal with the numerous questions raised by the so called “migration crisis” creating informal, legal, passive or active boundaries for foreigners. However, even when absent at the level of government we can nevertheless observe informal practices that are put in place by migrants to give an answer to their immediate needs and that can be used as a magnifying glass of more deeply rooted socio-political needs. I argue that these dynamics can be observed in same particular space as multiethnic markets in the city where informal practices could be looked as clues in order to suggest new policies. Urban planning has a crucial role to play in these policies, enhancing the creation of new forms of ‘living the city’ and a renewed form of urban citizenship can represent a pivotal point to commit urban planning in the quest for spatial and social justice (Sandercook, 1996). Notions of formal citizenship have changed within the context of contemporary massive urban migration (Penninx et al., 2004).The search for new models of integration has been the priority of States concerned by both the problem of the second generation without legal rights, and new incoming groups. Better integration of migrant groups and guarantees of security have been the leitmotiv in the European political discourses in this search. However, the gap between the policies defined at the national level and the implemented policies on the ground increased, because local experiences do not resonate with the abstract frame of the national policy directives. This gap leads to a further growing apart of formal and informal practices of citizenship. Usually these conflicts show themselves in sensitive urban space like squares, ethnic streets or suburbs. However, before their final outbreaks, these conflicts are informal and can be observed in shared and everyday urban space as streets, squares and markets. I suggest that these practices are insurgent (Holston,1996) that means they are a direct response to some gap into the management policies of the multicultural issue in the market and as a consequence in the city. These practices show the weakness or the failures of policies when national or local governments decided to rationalize, restrict and underestimate the relevant role of the space in the integration policies. In fact, the neglected part of the policies is the power of diversion (Olivier de Sardan, 2008) that those subjected to certain policies exert as an option strategy. This means that people can sometimes act in open contrast with policies that seemingly stimulate integration while they increase cultural, economic or political segregation. These dynamics reveal some problems entangled in the national policies that can be listed as follows:– A misunderstanding of the importance of cultural differences, and of the fact that they are not fixed in a time or in a space but adjustable, flexible and dynamic; – Misinterpretation of the practices that immigrants bring with them that could be seen as illegal or could be in contrast with the customary and formal understanding of a space;– Unawareness or underestimation of the asymmetrical local power relations and their consequences on the everyday life and on the relation with the policies themselves. This includes the overcoming of the concept of a single public interest in favour of a wider view of several public interests, sometimes struggling against each other;– The fear of more forward-looking policies that need an upturning of the present fixed idea of national identity;– Underestimation of the potential of multicultural planning in improving public, multicultural and accessible space in the city I conclude the dissertation with a deep rethinking of the notion of citizenship that has to take into account the needs behind the everyday informal practices as a core objective for more encompassing integration policies. I push forward the notion of metrozenship made by Oren Yiftachel and using it as a tool for a new social impact assessment aimed at foreseeing the possible consequences of a policy before its implementation. The very last part of the dissertation is dedicated to the theorical analysis of the market space as an heterotopia (Foucault, 1974). I argue that this comparison can open and widen the possibility for the urban planning to think at such space and to use it as a microcosm in which experiment new forms of living the diversity.Ma thèse de doctorat porte sur le rôle que l'urbanisme peut jouer dans la gestion de la diversité dans la ville. Dans les pays européens, les politiques migratoires n'ont pas réussi à créer un espace commun et partagé pour répondre aux nombreuses questions soulevées par la crise des migrations créant des frontières informelles, légales, passives ou actives pour les étrangers. Cependant, même en l'absence du gouvernement, nous pouvons néanmoins observer des pratiques informelles mises en place par les migrants pour répondre à leurs besoins immédiats et qui peuvent être utilisées comme une loupe de besoins sociopolitiques plus enracinés. Je soutiens que ces dynamiques peuvent être observées dans des espaces particuliers comme les marchés multiethniques dans la ville où les pratiques informelles pourraient être considérées comme des indices pour suggérer de nouvelles politiques.La planification urbaine a un rôle crucial à jouer dans ces politiques, l'amélioration de la création de nouvelles formes de «vivre la ville» et une forme renouvelée de citoyenneté urbaine peuvent représenter un point essentiel pour engager l'urbanisme dans la recherche de la justice spatiale et sociale (Sandercook, 1996). Les notions de citoyenneté formelle ont changé dans le contexte de la migration urbaine massive contemporaine(Penninx et al., 2004). La recherche de nouveaux modèles d'intégration a été la priorité des États concernés tant par le problème de la deuxième génération sans droits légaux que par les nouveaux groupes entrants. Une meilleure intégration des groupes de migrants et des garanties de sécurité ont été le leitmotiv dans les discours politiques européens dans cette recherche. Toutefois, l'écart entre les politiques définies au niveau national et les politiques mises en œuvre sur le terrain a augmenté, car les expériences locales ne sont pas en accord avec le cadre abstrait des directives de politique nationale. Cet écart conduit à une plus grande différenciation des pratiques formelles et informelles de la citoyenneté. Habituellement ces conflits se manifestent dans l'espace urbain sensible comme les places, les rues ethniques ou les banlieues. Cependant, avant leur éclosion finale, ces conflits sont informels et peuvent être observés dans l'espace urbain partagé et quotidien comme les rues, les places et les marchés.Je suggère que ces pratiques sont insurgées ("insurgent", Holston, 1996) qui signifie qu'elles sont une réponse directe à un certain écart dans les politiques de gestion de la question multiculturelle sur le marché et, par conséquent, dans la ville. Ces pratiques montrent la faiblesse ou parfois les échecs des politiques lorsque les gouvernements nationaux ou locaux ont décidé de rationaliser, de restreindre et de sous-estimer le rôle pertinent de l'espace dans les politiques d'intégration. En fait, la partie négligée des politiques est le pouvoir de détournement (Olivier de Sardan, 2008) que ceux soumis à certaines politiques exercent comme une stratégie d'option. Cela signifie que les gens peuvent parfois s'opposer ouvertement à des politiques qui semblent stimuler l'intégration tout en augmentant la ségrégation culturelle, économique ou politique. Ces dynamiques révèlent certains problèmes qui se retrouvent dans les politiques nationales qui peuvent être énumérées comme suit:– Une méconnaissance de l'importance des différences culturelles et du fait qu'elles ne sont pas fixées dans un temps ou dans un espace mais réglables, flexibles et dynamiques;–Une interprétation erronée des pratiques que les immigrants apportent avec eux, qui pourrait être considérée comme illégale ou pourrait être en contraste avec la compréhension habituelle et formelle d'un espace;– Incapacité ou sous-estimation des relations asymétriques de pouvoir local et de leurs conséquences sur la vie quotidienne et sur la relation avec les politiques elles-mêmes. Cela comprend la suppression du concept d'intérêt public unique en faveur d'une vision plus large de plusieurs intérêts publics, parfois en lutte les uns contre les autres;–La crainte de politiques plus tournées vers l'avenir qui ont besoin d'un renversement de l'idée fixe actuelle de l'identité nationale;– Sous-estimation du potentiel de la planification multiculturelle dans l'amélioration de l'espace public, multiculturel et accessible dans la villeJe termine la thèse par une réflexion approfondie sur la notion de citoyenneté qui doit tenir compte des besoins qui sous-tendent les pratiques informelles quotidiennes comme un objectif essentiel pour des politiques d'intégration plus globales. Je fais avancer la notion de métrozenship faite par Oren Yiftachel (Yiftachel, 2014) et en l'utilisant comme un outil pour une nouvelle étude d'impact social visant à prévoir les conséquences possibles d'une politique avant sa mise en œuvre. La dernière partie de la dissertation est consacrée à l'analyse théorique de l'espace du marché comme une hétérotopie (Foucault, 1974). Je prétends que cette comparaison peut ouvrir et élargir la possibilité pour l'urbanisme de penser à tel espace et de l'utiliser comme un microcosme dans lequel expérimenter de nouvelles formes de vivre la diversité
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ESPERIENZE E CONOSCENZE: PROGETTI INTERNAZIONALI NEI PAESI EMERGENTI
No full textLa I Conferenza Nazionale promossa e organizzata dal Centro PVS
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Planning Viable Sustainability with emerging regions è indirizzata a raccogliere e discutere contributi di studiosi, professionisti e operatori del terzo settore su progetti e interventi nei cosiddetti Paesi emergenti.
Coerentemente con la propria tradizione, il Centro PVS concentra l’attenzione sul settore della ricerca e della formazione, scommettendo sull’ipotesi che vi sia ancora poca riflessione, scambio e comparazione sulle pratiche e gli interventi realizzati da planner, architetti e designer italiani che operano nei paesi emergenti.
La Conferenza si propone di diventare un appuntamento annuale e sarà aperta da una plenaria con keynote speaker di rilievo internazionale e articolata in sessioni parallele.
Queste ultime sono pensate come spazi ad hoc per presentare e discutere casi e riflessioni sui numerosi progetti e interventi nei Paesi emergenti, con particolare riferimento alle aree:
a) della Pianificazione urbanistico - territoriale, b) del Design, c) della Tecnologia dell’Architettura.
Lo scopo è quello di confrontarsi e capire come potenziare le iniziative nei Paesi terzi e la collaborazione con gli altri interlocutori, considerando che questi interventi rappresentano, sempre più, una imperdibile opportunità di sperimentazione, innovazione e apprendimento da parte delle Università coinvolte, che possono così acquisire
nuove conoscenze utili alla sviluppo di figure professionali nello specifico settore
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