1,720,976 research outputs found
GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE “STRUCTURAL PARADIGMATIC APPROACH” IN MORE THAN 50 YEARS OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATION THEORY: MAPPING THEORY, METHODS, THEMATIC AREAS AND APPLICATIONS
No full textThis paper has the aim to take stock of the scientific field concerning the Structural Approach of Social Representations developed in more than 50 years by conducting a meta-theoretical analysis (de Rosa, 1994) of the literature on Social Representations, mapping its development, the related research methods, the thematic areas and their impact on the various applied fields within the multi-generational community of scientists and across different geo-cultural contexts. We analysed journal articles, book chapters, conference presentations, theses, manuscripts or stand-alone documents that used this approach. These papers were retrieved from different sources such as online journals, papers published online by the authors, paper format of the publications that we scanned and analyzed, along with the already gathered publications during the 20 years of work of prof. de Rosa.
The analysis of the 1025 publications using Structural Approach of SR was conducted using the Grid for Meta-theoretical Analysis developed by de Rosa (1994) in order to gather the data, followed by the analyses done with Iramuteq Software (for the abstracts and key-words), with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (for descriptive statistics), with Tableau Software (for visualizing the data) and with R Software (for Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components).
The results proved a great spreading of the work concerning Structural Approach of SR all over the world, being “a multicultural, multi-language and multi-generational enterprise” (de Rosa, 2009) that has continuously developed since Abric`s thesis (1976) and present, both theoretically, as well as methodologically
Dream contents of early adolescents, adolescents, and young adults: A cluster analysis with T-LAB
No full textA text analysis of dreams and waking-life narratives let us detect typical dream
contents. The sample is composed of 1,000 subjects, from early adolescents to young
adults, including males and females. For each subject, we collected a dream and a
waking-life episode according to “the most recent dream” (Hartmann, Elkin, &
Garg, 1991) and “a recent episode” methodology (Maggiolini, Cagnin, Crippa,
Persico and Rizzi, 2010)). Through a word analysis, we were able to identify the
typical narratives of dreams and episodes. We identified 5 clusters of dreams: dreams
of (a) fear and escape, (b) school, (c) competition and sport, (d) attack, and (e)
falling and spatial disorientation. This research indicates a way of detecting typical
dreams, not only as a description of similar contents, starting from arbitrary lists, but
empirically finding just those contents that are typical of dreams compared with
waking narratives
Taking into account the observers' uncertainty: a graduated approach to the credibility of the patient's pain evaluation.
No full textThis article presents two experiments aiming to investigate the adoption of a graduated measure to describe credibility attribution by observers who evaluate patients' pain accounts. A total of 160 medical students were required to express a credibility judgment on the pain intensity level of hypothetical patients. We used 16 vignettes based on a factorial mixed-design. Within-participants factors were the reported pain, the presence of a physical sign, the patient's facial expression and the patient's gender, and between-groups factors were the patient's age and the geographical distribution of the patient's name. Results confirm the well-established tendency not to believe patients' self-reports and provide information regarding the evaluators' uncertainty. The findings suggest that a graduated measure is useful for assessing the degree of uncertainty of the observers and subtle effects of different factors upon the judgment of patient's pain
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Influence of Anchoring on Pain Judgment
No full textCONTEXT: Research on decision making suggests that a wide range of spontaneous processes may influence medical judgment. OBJECTIVES: We considered an easily accessible strategy, anchoring and insufficient adjustment, which might contribute to health care professionals' miscalibration of patients' pain. METHODS: A sample (n=423) of physicians, nurses, medical students, and nursing students participated in a computerized task that showed 16 vignettes featuring fictitious patients reporting headache. In the experimental condition, participants were asked to evaluate the severity of the patient's pain before and after knowing the patient's rating. In the control condition, participants were shown all information about the patient at the same time and were required to make judgments in a single stage. RESULTS: When participants could express an initial impression before knowing the patient's rating, they fully anchored to their initial impressions in almost half of the responses. Moreover, even among those who revised their initial impression, the extent of the revision was often insufficient. Greater anchoring was associated with patients' ratings that were higher than the participants' initial impression. Finally, we provided evidence that anchoring increased pain miscalibration. We discuss our findings in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the cognitive processes involved in pain assessment. CONCLUSION: When estimating patients' pain intensity, observers are driven by anchoring, a rule of thumb that might have pernicious consequences in terms of unwarranted overreliance on initial impressions and insufficient revision in light of relevant disconfirming evidence. Taking this heuristic into account might foster accurate pain assessment and treatment
- …
