1,720,992 research outputs found
L’impatto delle politiche commerciali multilaterali sui paesi in via di sviluppo: una rassegna critica
No full textVulnerability and resilience to food and nutrition insecurity: A review of the literature towards a unified framework
Full text linkCurrent approaches to measuring food and nutrition security (FNS) mainly consider past access to food, while assessing vulnerability and resilience to food insecurity requires a dynamic setting and sound predictive models, conditional to the entire set of food-related multiple-scale shocks and stresses as well as households’ char-acteristics. The aim of this work is twofold: i) to review the state of the relevant literature on the conceptualization and the empirical measurement of vulnerability and resilience to food insecurity; ii) to frame the main coordinates of a possible unifying framework aiming at improving ex-ante targeting of policy interventions and resil-ience-enhancing programs. Our argument is that clarifying the relationships existing between vulnerability and resilience provides a better understanding and a more comprehensive picture of food insecurity that includes higher-order conditional moments and non-linearities. Furthermore, adopting the proposed unified framework, one can derive FNS measures that are: scalable and aggregable into higher-level dimensions (scale axiom); inherently dynamic (time axiom); conditioned to various factors (access axiom); applicable to various measures of food and nutrition as dependent variables (outcomes axiom). Unfortunately, the proposed unified framework shows some limita-tions. First, estimating conditional moments is highly data-demanding, requiring high-quality and high-frequency micro-level panel data for all the relevant FNS dimensions, not mentioning the difficulty of measuring risks/shocks and their associated prob-abilities using short panel data. Hence, there is a general issue of applicability of the proposed approach to typically data-scarce environments such as developing contexts. Second, there is an inherent tradeoff between the proposed approach in-sample preci-sion and out-of-sample predictive performance. This is key to implement effective early warning systems and foster resilience-building programs
Trade patterns and trade clusters: China, India, Brazil and South Africa in the global trading
No full text"Le Economie emergenti sono un rischio per la competitività italiana?”
No full textIl lavoro affronta il tema della competitività dell’Italia in relazione al dinamismo e alle performance commerciali delle nuove economie “emergenti” del Sud del mondo, Cina, India, Brasile e Sudafrica (Cibs). Dopo una prima disamina dei modelli di commercio, dei principali competitor e delle specializzazioni relative dei paesi considerati, l’analisi è estesa all’insieme delle complementarietà e delle specializzazioni commerciali del sistema globale degli scambi, attraverso una Cluster Analysis. I risultati empirici conducono a conclusioni parzialmente meno pessimistiche circa la presunta minaccia per il nostro paese derivante dall’evoluzione della specializzazione commerciale delle economie emergenti, con la rilevante eccezione della Cina.This work deals with the issue of the competitiveness of Italy in relation to the trade dynamism and performance of the new emerging Southern economies China, India, Brazil, and South Africa (Cibs). It first examines trade patterns, main competitors and trade specialization of the countries analyzed. Afterwards, it carries out a Cluster Analysis to catch the entire set of trade complementarities and specializations of the global trading system. The empirical results contribute to partially mitigate the pessimistic view that looks at the evolution of the emerging economies’ trade specialization as a source of threat to our country, with the relevant exception of China
International linkages, value-added trade, and firm productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean
No full textThis chapter addresses the following research questions: (i) Are firms characterized by international linkages more productive than other firms? (ii) Are those belonging to industries more involved in GVCs even more productive? To this end, we combine the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset with the new OECD-WTO TiVA dataset and present three main empirical exercises: (1) an analysis of productivity premia associated with participation in international trade and presence of inward FDI; (2) a Cobb-Douglas output function expanded to firms’ international linkages; (3) a further expanded version of the above relationship including the TiVA-based indicators of value added trade and industry participation and position in the global value chain. Our empirical outcomes confirm the presence of a positive causal relationship between participation in international activities and firm performance in the LAC region. Focusing on four big Latin American countries we show that the actual level of involvement into GVCs matters as well
Socioeconomic Vulnerability and Trade Liberalization: Cross-Country Evidence in Central and Eastern Europe
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Mapping global value chain participation and positioning in agriculture and food: stylised facts, empirical evidence and critical issues
No full textThis paper aims to overview the recent body of empirical work on the importance of Global Value Chains (GVCs) in international production and trade. We begin by reviewing different approaches and levels of GVC analysis. We then consider developments in methods and data. Focusing on the agriculture and food sector, we present a map of GVC measures-at the country and sectoral level-computed using trade in value added data to allow researchers to better assess the countries’ engagement in GVCs. We also apply this data to show some stylized facts on GVC participation and positioning in agriculture and food and provide empirical evidence of the economic impact of the GVCs on these sectors. We conclude with some critical issues and speculative thoughts regarding the future of GVCs
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