117,785 research outputs found
Pedagogy of Peace: The Contribution of Jean Monnet to the Construction of the European Union. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series, Vol. 9 No. 5, March 2009
Get PDF[From the Introduction]. The objective of this article is to present the leading role of Jean Monnet in the process of emergence and consolidation of the European Union (EU). Thus, the work first describes the efforts of the French designer to construct the union on a sector-by-sector basis, through an innovative method, and to overcome the barriers to achieving those objectives. Next, it explains Jean Monnet’s main theses, which support the building of the Community structures. Finally, it explains the development of the European bloc, and its consecration as the boldest and most complex integration model in the world
All Roads Lead to Rome: Background, Context and Legacy of the Treaty on the European Community. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Special Issue 3, August 2012
Get PDFFrom the Introduction. The rejection by the French National Assembly of the ill-fated European Defense
Community (EDC) Treaty in August 30, 1954, together with the automatic shelving of the equally faulty
European Political Community (EPC) proposal, put an end, at least for the time being, to any form of
political and military union of the existing Western Europe on a supranational level. The times were
difficult in Europe and the international atmosphere was cloudy. The end of the Korean War coincided
with the insistence of the Soviets to stick to a policy of détente, leading to the suppression of the
Hungarian rebellion. France was facing opposition to her colonial presence in Indochina, as well as in
North Africa. But the crisis of Suez prompted the French government to distance itself from the British
and the United States. The defeat of the EDC and EPC was not going to be the end of the story and the
dream inaugurated by Monnet and Schuman in 1950. It was not long before plans in favor of a European
re-launch were taking shape.
Centro di Eccellenza Jean Monnet
No full textIl Centro di eccellenza sui Diritti Fondamentali in Europa è stato finanziato dall'Unione europea (Action Jean Monnet) Aderisce oltre al CIRDCE anche il Punto Europa di Forlì. Per informazioni sull'attività v. www.cirdce.unibo.i
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Spain in the European Union: the first twenty-five years (1986-2011)
Get PDF“Spain is the problem. Europe is the solution”. In this fashion Ortega y Gasset once dramatized the need to “Europeanize” Spain. The results over the first
twenty five years of EU membership have been truly impressive. When Spain became a member of the EC, some of the best and brightest of Spain’s governmental cadres and universities joined the expanded European institutions, taking on positions of responsibility. The most prominent chaired the European Court of Justice (Gil-Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias) and the Parliament (Enrique Barón, José-María Gil Robles, and Josep Borrell), holding key positions in the Commission, and filling the newly created position of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (Javier Solana).
Spain, in sum, “was not different”, contrary to what old-fashion tourist publicity for the country used to say. It was a European country like any other that was returning to its natural home after a long exile. Spain, in turn, received considerable benefits from EU membership through funds for regional investment policies, agriculture and rural development, and the modernisation of national infrastructure. From an index of 60 percent of the European average in 1986, today Spain’s income per head is in the range of 105 percent, with some regions surpassing 125 percent. From being a country that was a net receiver from the EU budget, Spain today is a net contributor.
Reflecting this development, the present volume examines different dimensions of the deepening relationship between Spain and the rest of Europe through membership of the EU (its history, and its impact on policy development on economic growth and on relations with third countries)
Jean Monnet, banquier, 1914-1945
No full textJean Monnet est mal connu ! Celui qui est considéré comme le « père de l’Europe », parmi d’autres cependant, ne s’est affirmé sur ce créneau que tardivement, à plus de 60 ans, au moment de la déclaration Schuman du 9 mai 1950. Auparavant, l’homme avait eu plusieurs vies : chargé, à son initiative, d’organiser les comités de ravitaillement de la France et de la Grande-Bretagne durant la Première Guerre mondiale, il devint secrétaire général adjoint de la SDN de 1919 à 1923. Commence alors une étape pendant laquelle il développe son goût pour les affaires financières internationales, objet de ce livre. Banquier d’investissement avec la firme Blair and Co., fondateur d’une banque d’affaires, la Monnet, Murnane and Co., investisseur malheureux dans la Bank of America de Giannini en Californie durant les années de crise, puis chargé en 1932 d’organiser un consortium financier international pour développer la Chine de T. V. Soong, la China Development Finance Corporation (CDFC), en s’appuyant sur des banques américaines et françaises. Jamais il n’aura été autant globe-trotteur, voyageant sur les grands paquebots entre la France, la Grande-Bretagne et les États-Unis, le Canada puis la Chine et le Japon. Point d’Europe unie dans ces activités qui, semble-t-il, l’ont finalement lassé. C’est pourquoi il répond en 1938 à l’appel de Daladier pour acheter des avions américains. Une autre histoire commence alors ; celle du banquier Monnet est terminée. Ce livre présente des textes originaux de chercheurs, Gérard Bossuat, Renaud Boulanger, Pierre de Longuemar, Philippe Mioche, Yuichiro Miyashita, qui éclairent ce moment des activités de Jean Monnet. La difficulté était d’accéder à des sources fiables, dispersées, pour une période moins bien documentée que celles qui suivent. Ils font apparaître la complexité et la richesse relationnelle d’un banquier d’affaires avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, préoccupé d’affaires internationales, financières certes, mais au plus près des milieux politiques internationaux et impliqué dans la grande histoire des relations internationales
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Emergence and Future of Central Counterparties
Get PDFWe study the role of a central counterparty (CCP) in controlling counterparty risk. When trading is organized via a centralized exchange with fungible contracts -- as in a futures market -- we show that it is optimal to clear trades via a CCP that uses (i) novation to pool the risk of default and (ii) mutualization of losses to insure against the aggregate cost of default in the form of price risk. We then analyze the design of CCP clearing for over-the-counter (OTC) trades where contracts are customized and, hence, not fungible. A CCP can still offer gains from novation by pooling default risk across all customized contracts. Bargaining in OTC trades leads to an inefficient allocation of default risk across trades. A transfer scheme can alleviate this inefficiency, but necessitates novation being offered by a CCP. Hence, the benefit from CCP clearing for OTC markets goes beyond simple netting as it is a prerequisite for an efficient allocation of default risk in such markets.Central Counterparty, Clearing, Over-the-counter Markets, Novation and Mutualization, Default Risk
The emergence and future of central counterparties
Get PDFThe authors explain why central counterparties (CCPs) emerged historically. With standardized contracts, it is optimal to insure counterparty risk by clearing those contracts through a CCP that uses novation and mutualization. As netting is not essential for these services, it does not explain why CCPs exist. In over-the-counter markets, as contracts are customized and not fungible, a CCP cannot fully guarantee contract performance. Still, a CCP can help: As bargaining leads to an inefficient allocation of default risk relative to the gains from customization, a transfer scheme is needed. A CCP can implement it by offering partial insurance for customized contracts.Risk management ; Over-the-counter markets ; Contracts
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