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Broad-band spectral analysis of a complete sample of type 1 AGN detected by INTEGRAL
Get PDFThis thesis contains results on type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei detected and studied with INTEGRAL. The sample of sources analysed in the present thesis is based on a complete sample of type 1 AGN extracted from the 3rd IBIS/ISGRI catalogue. Archival X-ray data taken from several observatories, such as XMM-Newton, Chandra, Swift/XRT and ASCA, have been combined together with IBIS spectra, providing for the first time a broad-band spectral analysis of a hard X-ray detected complete sample of type 1 AGN. The principal aim of this work is to study the continuum properties of type 1 AGN, i.e. power law slope, reflection fraction and high energy cut-off, and their relation to spectral modelling of AGN and to synthesis models of the Cosmic Diffuse X-ray Background. The analysis presented in this work covers two subclasses of type 1 AGN: Broad Line
Radio Galaxies (BLRG) and Radio Quiet (RQ) type 1 sources. In particular, among BLRG, IGR J21247+5058 is studied in great depth (see chapter 5). This is in fact a very peculiar source, displaying very complex absorption, in the form of two layers partially covering the central emitting source. So far, only one other BLRG was known to require such complexity regarding absorption (namely 4C 445), making IGR 21247+5058
indeed a very peculiar and almost unique AGN. Broad-band spectra of the other seven BLRG present in the INTEGRAL complete sample have been analysed in search for a dichotomy between this population (chapter 6) and their radio quiet counterparts (chapter 7). Several studies have in fact shown in the past that BLRG might behave differently than radio quiet AGN, displaying weaker reprocessing features (i.e. the reflection component and the strength of the iron line), possibly –i–
associated with the presence of the jet. In the present study, however, such diversity is not found to be very striking, with the reprocessing features of the analysed sources not being
as weak as expected. This could imply a different scenario for the dilution of these features, not involving a jet but rather a different geometry and/or accretion flow efficiency
in the accretion disk.
The analysis of the complete sample of type 1 AGN also allows a general picture of the average properties of this class of sources to be obtained. The mean power law slope is found to be ?=1.86±0.01, in good agreement with the generally accepted canonical spectral index of 1.9. The average cut-off energy is Ec=104 keV, lower than previously found in other works; the mean reflection fraction is 1.08±0.14. Correlations between
the spectral parameters have also been investigated, but most of them remain still to be proven. When considering these results in the framework of AGN spectral modelling, we
found that the average Comptonising plasma temperature is typically ?50 keV with an optical depth ranging from 2 to 5, i.e. the plasma is not too thick. As far as the Cosmic X-ray Diffuse Background is concerned, synthesis models have so far assumed a spectral shape for the CXB with ?=1.9 with no dispersion in values and a high energy cut-off of at least 200 keV. However, the value of ?=1.86 with a dispersion of 0.2 and a cut-off energy with a narrow range of values around 100 keV, as found in the present thesis, could provide a self-consistent modelling of the CXB. The implementation of the information
provided in this thesis is clearly very important for CXB synthesis models and represents the next step of this work
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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