1,721,076 research outputs found
Use of reimbursement claims databases for the measurement of medication adherence
No full textL’efficacité d’une thérapeutique repose, en grande partie, sur la bonne observance de la prescription. Une mauvaise observance est susceptible de provoquer un échec thérapeutique et une escalade dans les traitements. Elle est également génératrice de surcoûts pour le système de protection sociale. La base de données Erasme, base de remboursement du régime général de l’assurance maladie (Cnam-TS), constitue une source d’information importante pour la mesure de l’utilisation des médicaments et donc, possiblement, de l’observance. Hors, depuis de nombreuses années, il a été proposé des descripteurs de l’observance calculable à partir des remboursements de différents systèmes d’assurance maladie dans le monde. Le but de ce travail était de : - recenser ces indicateurs et les appliquer à la base Erasme ; - proposer de nouveaux indicateurs ; - catégoriser ces indicateurs. Dans une première partie nous faisons l’état des lieux de la notion et du concept d’observance médicamenteuse et de sa mesure à partir des bases de données de remboursement. Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons la base Erasme et proposons des nouveaux indicateurs. Afin d’illustrer nos propos, nous présentons les études que nous avons réalisé à partir de l’étude de médicaments ayant des profils de consommation différents : traitement au long cours d’une affection symptomatique (asthme), traitement au long cours d’une affection asymptomatique (hypercholestérolémie), traitement au long cours d’une affection grave (diabète), traitement « minute » (infection urinaire) et un traitement de durée moyenne (contraception orale).The efficacy of a therapeutic response depends largely on good adherence to the prescription. Poor adherence may lead to therapeutic failure and an escalation of treatment. Furthermore, this generates excess cost for the health insurance system. The Erasme reimbursement database of the largest health insurance system in France (régime général de l'assurance maladie, Cnam-TS), represents an important source of information on the use of medicines, and, therefore, possibly adherence. This is particularly the case as several indicators have been proposed to describe adherence from reimbursements in the different health insurance systems around the world. The objective of the current work was to: - identify the indicators and to apply these to the Erasme database; - propose new indicators; - categorise these indicators. The first part introduces the notion and concept of medication adherence and its measurement from reimbursement databases. The second part describes the Erasme database and the propositions for new indicators. This will then be illustrated by the studies that we have performed on medicines that have different profiles of use: long-term treatment of symptomatic disease (asthma), long-term treatment of asymptomatic disease (hypercholesterolaemia), long-term treatment of serious disease (diabetes), short-term treatment (urinary infection), and medium-term treatment (oral contraceptives)
Pharmacological determinants of the effectiveness of tyrosine kinases inhibitors
No full textDurant la dernière décennie, les inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinases (ITK) ont radicalement changé l’évolution de certains cancers comme la leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) ou les tumeurs stromales gastro-intestinales (GIST). Ils sont aujourd’hui largement utilisés dans le traitement de diverses pathologies malignes, permettant un allongement de la survie globale. Cependant, certains patients ne montrent pas d’amélioration au cours du traitement par ITK. Les mécanismes évoqués sont multifactoriels et possèdent une origine pharmacocinétique, pharmacodynamique ou pharmacogénétique. En effet, l’une des causes majeures de variabilité commune à tous ces ITK réside dans un métabolisme impliquant le cytochrome 3A4, dont l’expression est soumise à de nombreux facteurs. L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’approfondir ces mécanismes et d’évaluer certaines stratégies afin d’augmenter l’efficacité de ces médicaments. Ce travail a consisté en premier lieu à développer une méthode chromatographique sensible et rapide permettant le dosage de neufs ITK commercialisés ou en phase avancée de développement. Cet outil, à la base du suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique, a été utilisé dans le cadre de la LMC pour mesurer les concentrations plasmatiques d’imatinib de plus de 3000 patients. Les informations cliniques de ces patients ont été saisies dans une base de données servant de support à l’évaluation de la réponse en fonction de la concentration. Nous avons ainsi confirmé que les patients présentant des concentrations supérieures au seuil d’efficacité de 1000 ng/mL avaient une plus grande probabilité de réponse. Dans la continuité de ce projet, nous avons évalué la relation concentration-efficacité de l’imatinib dans les GIST et trouvé un seuil d’efficacité voisin de 800 ng/mL. Tous les facteurs de variabilités ne sont cependant pas maitrisables avec un dosage plasmatique. La littérature rapporte en effet que certains ITK sont des substrats de transporteurs cellulaires potentiellement impliqués dans la résistance au traitement. Nous avons donc entrepris de doser ces ITK à l’intérieur même des cellules, d’abord in vitro afin d’évaluer ces mécanismes de transport, puis in vivo dans les cellules de patients traités par ces ITK. Un lien a ainsi été montré entre la capacité d’incorporation des molécules et la réponse au traitement. Enfin, le versant pharmacogénétique de l’un de ces transporteurs (MDR1) a été étudié, indiquant une relation entre certains haplotypes ou polymorphismes et la concentration plasmatique d’une part et la réponse à l’imatinib d’autre part. En conclusion, ces différentes stratégies basées sur le dosage plasmatique ou intracellulaire et sur la pharmacogénétique semblent apporter des éléments permettant l’amélioration de la réponse au ITK ou la détection précoce de mauvaise réponse.During the last decade, tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKI) have dramatically changed the prognosis of several cancers such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) or gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GIST). They are widely used in the treatment of various malignant pathologies, leading to a prolonged overall survival. However, some patients do not show improvement when treated with TKI. The supposed mechanisms are multifactorial and could have an origin in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics or pharmacogenomics. Indeed, one of the major reasons of common variability of these TKI involves their metabolism by cytochrome 3A4, whose expression is subjected to many factors. The aim of this thesis was to deepen these mechanisms and to assess some strategies to increase the efficacy of these drugs. This work consisted first in developing a rapid and sensitive chromatographic method allowing determination of nine commercialised (or in advanced clinical development) TKI. Serving as a basis for therapeutic drug monitoring, this was used as part of CML management to measure imatinib plasmatic concentration of more than 3000 patients. The clinical information of these patients was recorded in a database and used as support for the evaluation of the response according to concentration. Thus, we confirmed that patients having concentration higher than the effectiveness threshold of 1000 ng/mL got higher probability of response. In the same way, we assessed relationship between imatinib concentration and efficacy in GIST and found an effectiveness threshold closed to 800 ng/mL. However, several factors of variability remain unmanageable with only plasmatic determination. Indeed, literature reported that some TKI were substrates of cellular transporters, potentially involved in the resistance to treatment. We therefore decided to determine concentration of these TKI into the cells, first in vitro to assess these mechanisms of transport, and then in vivo into the cells of patients treated by these TKI. A link was shown between the incorporation ability of molecules and the response to the treatment. Finally, a pharmacogenetic approach showed a relationship between some haplotypes or polymorphisms of a transporter (MDR1) and plasmatic concentration on one hand, and response to the imatinib on the other hand. In conclusion, these different strategies based on plasmatic or intracellular determination of TKI and on pharmacogenomics contribute to improvement of the response to TKI or early detection of non-response
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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