113,971 research outputs found
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
EXPRESSION PROFILE OF IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES IN GOATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS MASTITIS.
No full textCounteracting infectious diseases of farm animals are an everlasting challenge in food production from livestock and preserving the health of farm animals is highly relevant to maintaining high standards of food quality. Clinical mastitis (CM) is the primary health reason for involuntary culling in dairy small ruminants and causes additional economic losses from costs of veterinary treatments. Complementary strategies are needed, since the classical prophylactic measures sometimes appear too demanding to breeders in terms of time and care, and efficient vaccination against the main pathogens is still lacking. There is evidence that Somatic Cell Count (SCC)-based selection should efficiently reduce CM incidence and currently selection strategies in cows and sheeps are based on a linear decrease of milk SCC. The effects and efficacy of SCC selection in goats are still unknown. A better understanding of the defense mechanisms affected and modified by SCC-based selection would be helpful to predict the indirect response for CM, pathogen-specific infections, and resistance to other diseases in the long term. Knowledge of these basic mechanisms will help to the design new and optimized strategies to prevent infections and, at the same time, significantly aid the improvement of food safety for the consumer. Microarray technology enables the examination of complex interactions between the host and bacterial pathogens. In dairy ruminants transcriptome profiling has enabled the identification of genes, pathways and regulatory networks activated in mammary tissues during experimental infection by various pathogens, including E. coli, S. aureus and S. uberis. Information in goats are still low and many host-pathogen interaction mechanisms have to be explained. In our study the bovine CustomArray 90K was used to evaluate the gene expression in milk somatic cells (MSCs) and blood of goats infected by S. aureus.The objectives of the present study were: (i) to identify the network of genes that becomes activated in caprine blood and MSCs in early response upon a S. aureus challenge in order to better understand the local and sistemic response and (ii) to search any difference in this immune response by using two animal groups belonging to a caprine reference family established based on founders with adverse SCC breeding values, (iii) to develop a set of internal reference genes useful to normalize RT-qPCR data in studies of gene expression in caprine MSCs. A total of 300 genes were found to be differentially expressed between 0 h and 24 h post infection and 128 genes between 0 h and 30 h post infection, with a p value 1.5. Among these, the majority were up-regulated. In leukocytes a total of 8 genes were up-regulated between 0h and 30h post infection with a p value 1.5 and 1 was down-regulated during IMI. The top up-regulated genes (5.65 to 3.16 fold change) plays an important role (i) in immune and inflammatory response (NFKB1, TNFAIP6, BASP1, IRF1, PLEK, BATF3); (ii) in the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens (PTX3); (iii) in the regulation of cell metabolism (CYTH4, SLC2A6, ARG2). The top down-regulated genes (-1.50 to –2.46 fold) included genes involved in lipid metabolism (ABCG2, FASN), chemokine, cytokine and intracellular signaling (SPPI), cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (KRT19). No significant differences were found in the levels of the expression gene between the two group of animals. Results provided novel information into the early stage of S. aureus infection in goats. Moreover, this study provides a validated panel of optimal internal references genes which may be useful for the identification of genes differentially expressed by RT-qPCR in caprine MSCs. According to our evaluation, we recommend using G6PD and YWHAZ as reference genes to normalize gene expression data in caprine MSCs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Bifidobacteria in gut microbiota of Callithrix jacchus L. (marmoset): their relationship with primate and non primate bifdobacterial microbial ecology
No full textBifidobacteria are an important commensal group of the gut microbiota of animals. They belong to key bacterial groups playing symbiotic and probiotic role promoting health activities for the host. The distribution of bifidobacterial species in non human primates is currently poorly investigated. The occurrence of bifidobacterial species in animals is characterized by a peculiar trend where there is a cluster of species typical for non primates animals and a different cluster typical of man (human primates). Recently 5 new bifidobacterial species have been isolate from non-human primates such as new world monkeys (common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus L., and red-handed tamarin, Saguinus midas L.). Due to the novelty of these species they cannot be assigned to any bifidobacterial species cluster.
Studies currently under development in our lab show that bifidobacterial isolates from Orangutan and Chimpanzee belong to human primates bifidobacteria cluster: this is in agreement with the strict evolutionary link between hominoids monkey such as Orangutan and Chimpanzee and humans.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the biodiversity of bifidobacterial species in primates more distant to human from an evolutionary point of view such as common marmoset, New World monkey, in order to establish where does the bifurcation between the two bifidobacterial cluster can occur.
Fecal samples were collected from 5 infants of common marmoset. Colony counts and isolation of bifidobacteria were performed in mTPY (modified TPY) as describe by Rada & Petr (2000). The isolates were tested for the activity of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) according to Biavati and Mattarelli (2012). Rep-PCR using primer BOXAR1 (Masco et al., 2009) was conducted and the isolates were grouped using R software (Ishii et al., 2009). For the species identification, the 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing of one representative strain from each obtained group were performed.
Bifidobacteria were isolated from all sampled animals. The faecal Bifidobacterium spp. counts ranged from 9.15 to 9.48 log10 CFU/g in infant common marmosets.. The analysis of BOX profiles reveled richness of species which, basing on the rep-PCR analysis, formed 29 groups. Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene are currently on going and partial results revealed that one of the most representative strains is a novel species: it is not closely related to known Bifidobacterium species as its high sequencing similarity shared 96% to B. scardovii while values <96% with other Bifidobacterium species
La utilización de soluciones isotónicas para la hidratación parenteral de mantenimiento en niños hospitalizados evita la hiponatremia
No full textLa hidratación intravenosa de los niños se ha hecho tradicionalmente utilizando soluciones hipotónicas. Este trabajo se diseña para comprobar si, frente a lo que ocurre cuando se utilizan soluciones hipotónicas, el uso de una solución isotónica disminuye el riesgo de hiponatremia sin incrementar los efectos adversos.Fil: Modesto i Alapont, V.. Hospital Infantil La Fe; EspañaFil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentin
L’ambiente montano appenninico tra Paleolitico medio ed età del Bronzo. Nuovi dati dal “Molise Survey Project”
No full textThis paper presents the results of the survey project carried out in 2016 and 2017 in the high Molise by a team of the Sapienza University of Rome. The project's aim is an advanced knowledge of human presence in the prehistoric phases in the inland areas of the peninsula, on the reliefs and close to small mountain lakes. Indeed, the territories above 1000 m a.s.l. are poorly known and the information available refers mostly to sporadic findings and, to a lesser extent, to the results of systematic surveys.
The investigation has dealt with the global understanding of the evidence relating to human occupation developed at high altitude during the various prehistoric phases in a small area of the Molise region. Moreover, by an ethno-archaeological approach, we are trying to investigate a phenomenon that has characterized the economy of the Apennines from recent prehistory onwards: pastoralism
Methodological problems in RCTs on IBD
No full textAbstract: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard method for developing evidence-based medicine in
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methodological problems in RCTs in IBD concern different aspects such as the definition of the study population due to
the extreme variability of patients with IBD, the indices of disease activity, a clearly defined outcome, the environmental
risk factors (i.e smoking behaviour) that may influence the randomization, the heterogeneous placebo rate of remission
and the different statistical methods used to analyze the results.
It is important that trials are designed efficiently, done well and complement clinical practice with a careful subject selection,
standardization of disease activity indices, and precise outcome measurement in order to continue the improvement
of the IBD research process
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