3 research outputs found
Supplementation with different concentrations of dithiothreitol and glutathione during cryopreservation of semen from large white boars.
No full textThe study aims to compare different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM) of antioxidants, Dithiothreitol (DTT) and Glutathione (GSH), on sperm parameters following the freeze-thawing of semen from large white boars. Three large white boars were selected for semen collection and the collected semen was sent to the lab for analysis. Following dilution with Beltsville thawing solution and 120 min of equilibration at 17°C, the semen was centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min at 15°C. Following supplementation of semen with DTT or GSH at different doses (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM), the semen was transferred into 0.25 mL freezing straws. After 20 min in Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) vapor, the straws were submerged in the LN2 tank, which was at a temperature of -196°C. Following thawing at 37°C, the semen was assessed for several sperm characteristics. Data were analyzed using the GenStat® statistical program with the generalized linear model procedure.
Treatment means were separated using Fisher’s protected t-test least significant difference at a 0.05 level of significance (Mean ± SD). When compared to all treatments, the proportion of sperm with total motility and progressive motility was higher in control (51.1±12.7; 27.1±10.8), 5 mM GSH (45.2±16.1; 24.7±11.3) and 5 mM DTT (43.8±10.3; 23.9±10.7) (p<0.05). When compared to all treatments, sperm rapid motility was highest in the control (21.3%) and 5 mM DTT (21.5%) treatments (p<0.05). The control (46.8±6.5), 5 mM GSH (44.8±8.2) and 5 mM DTT (40.3±2.20) had a high percentage of normal live sperm following thawing as compared to all the treatments (p<0.05). In the hypo-osmotic swelling test, the percentage of
the swollen tail was greater in the control treatment (38.8±6.1) than in the treatments with 5 mM DTT (33.6±4.9) and 5 mM GSH (32.8±4.5) (p<0.05). However, the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the quantities of 5 mM GSH and 5 mM DTT added to freezing extenders were appropriate for cryopreserving large white boar semen
Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study
No full textSummary: Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in Africa, but few large, prospective studies have been done to investigate the risk factors associated with these poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A 7-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study was done in patients having caesarean delivery in 183 hospitals across 22 countries in Africa. The inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to participating centres having elective and non-elective caesarean delivery during the 7-day study cohort period. To ensure a representative sample, each hospital had to provide data for 90% of the eligible patients during the recruitment week. The primary outcome was in-hospital maternal mortality and complications, which were assessed by local investigators. The study was registered on the South African National Health Research Database, number KZ_2015RP7_22, and on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03044899. Findings: Between February, 2016, and May, 2016, 3792 patients were recruited from hospitals across Africa. 3685 were included in the postoperative complications analysis (107 missing data) and 3684 were included in the maternal mortality analysis (108 missing data). These hospitals had a combined number of specialist surgeons, obstetricians, and anaesthetists totalling 0·7 per 100 000 population (IQR 0·2–2·0). Maternal mortality was 20 (0·5%) of 3684 patients (95% CI 0·3–0·8). Complications occurred in 633 (17·4%) of 3636 mothers (16·2–18·6), which were predominantly severe intraoperative and postoperative bleeding (136 [3·8%] of 3612 mothers). Maternal mortality was independently associated with a preoperative presentation of placenta praevia, placental abruption, ruptured uterus, antepartum haemorrhage (odds ratio 4·47 [95% CI 1·46–13·65]), and perioperative severe obstetric haemorrhage (5·87 [1·99–17·34]) or anaesthesia complications (11·47 (1·20–109·20]). Neonatal mortality was 153 (4·4%) of 3506 infants (95% CI 3·7–5·0). Interpretation: Maternal mortality after caesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than that of high-income countries and is driven by peripartum haemorrhage and anaesthesia complications. Neonatal mortality is double the global average. Early identification and appropriate management of mothers at risk of peripartum haemorrhage might improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in Africa. Funding: Medical Research Council of South Africa
