1,720,956 research outputs found
Relative Levels of Tolerance to Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) in Selected Lentil Genotypes in Ethiopia
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted with five lentil genotypes of known reaction to pea aphid for resistance. The trail was carried out with two identical but separate experiments as infested and un-infested trial under DZARC lath house. Infested seedlings were compared with uninfested ones in terms of plant height, biomass, root weight, and leaf area to quantify tolerance. The field performance of those lentil genotypes used in the experiments was assessed at Chefe Donsa substation, which is found in the East Shewa administrative zone, Ethiopia. Alemaya(lentil varity) reduces pea aphid damage cumulatively by the reduced percent dry and fresh biomass, percent plant height reduction and increased dry biomass, plant re-growth after 12 days of infestation compared with other tested genotypes, thus Alemaya had high tolerance to A. pisum. Similarly, comparable tolerance was found on ILL-7664 which exhibited longer plant re-growth, increased dry biomass after 12 days of infestation compared with other tested genotypes, except Alemaya. Chalow also showed reduced percent plant height and dry biomass reduction and increased leaf number after 12 days of infestation. Using genotypes that had tolerance for pea aphid management is wise decision as it reduces selection pressure on A. pisum. Alemaya (genotype which had tolerant resistance) is more important for integrated pest management program (IPM) than all the remaining tested genotypes. Keywords: tolerance, field resistance, pea aphid, lentil DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-22-02 Publication date: November 30th 202
Incidence and Distribution of Rice Insect Pests and Their Natural Enemies in Rice Growing Area of South Gondar, Ethiopia
Get PDFSince rice crop production relatively is recent activities in Ethiopia, the incidence and distribution of insect pests and their natural enemy in the study area has not been recognized. Field surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019 rainy season to generate baseline information on the type of pests prevailing in rice crop. The survey was conducted in South Gondar, three districts. Insect pests were determined by visual search for damages done by insects throughout the field. The current survey found that more than 13 insect pest of namely, stalk eyed fly, stem borer, leaf hopper as leaf/stem feeding and rice bug and sting bugs are among grain sucking insect pest, and whorl maggot, cricket, grass hopper and termite also found in the study area. Furthermore, our study found that a new insect in the study area named as creatonatus sp. which feed on rice leaf. Additionally, the study found that more than 6 natural enemies of rice insect pests. Some of the natural enemies are damselfly, dragonfly and spider, beetle, lacewing and wasps found dominantly in the study area. This study is the first report to explore the presence of these above maintained insect pest and natural enemy in the rice growing area of south Gondar. It then requires adequate knowledge about all mentioned insects yield loss on rice production. The infestation level of natural enemy on rice insect should be checked and farmers should be awared regarding to importance of these natural enemy for rice insect pest control. Keywords: rice insects, natural enemy, incidence, south Gondar DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/11-9-03 Publication date:May 31st 202
Knowledge and Practice of Farmers on Pesticide Pre-Harvest Interval and Pre-Entry Period and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Vegetable Growing Area of South Gondar, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the personal protective equipment use, understanding of farmers on pre-harvest interval, and pre-entry period for pesticides on different vegetables after pesticide application in south Gondar, Ethiopia. Sixty-three farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using a questionnaire. The majority of the farmers were not aware of the negative effects of pesticides on their health and the environment if not well handled. The farmers did not have awareness about the pesticide pre-harvest interval period and they did not read the instruction. Similarly, none of the respondents, followed the instruction of the manufacturer (reentry time specified on pesticide label) to reenter the sprayed field. Furthermore, farmers in the study area do have not enough awareness or they are careless regarding PPE use. Unavailability, inconvenience PPE wearing (e.g. mask affect breath properly), misperception about pesticide long term health effect and cost of personal protective equipment were raised as major causes for different farmers as factors behind their pesticide handling without personal protective equipment. It is recommended that If farmers can not to read the period of reentry on the pesticide container label, it is advised to wait at least 72 hours after the last application. Keywords: pesticide Pre-harvest interval period, re-entry time, personal protective equipment DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-23-02 Publication date: December 31st 202
GENERIC PESTICIDE UNDERSTANDING BY SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN FOGERA DISTRICT, SOUTH GONDAR ETHIOPIA
Get PDFThe preliminary survey was carryout to assess the farmers understanding about the generic pesticide (single active ingredient with different trade name). Total of 45 farmers participated in this study through interviews. Three commonly used pesticides by smallholder in the locality with different active ingredients were presented to the farmers to evaluate their understanding about the similarity and importance of generic pesticide. Open ended questioner was used. Those commonly used pesticides presented to the farmers are 1. Dimethoate (Agro-Thoate 40%EC, Ethiothoate 40%EC, Dimethoate 40 % EC, Dimeto40%EC and Roger) 2. Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 2.5% EC, Lamdex 5% EC, Helerat 50EC, Lamdex 5% EC, Farate 3. Profenofose (Ajanta, Profit 720EC, Polytrin315EC, and Selecron 720% EC). In this study from 45 farmers who asked about the generic pesticide, the similarity of Lamdex 5% EC, and Farate, 43 out of 45 farmers did considered these insecticides as different and they used this insecticide for different pest control. Similarly over 96% of the farmers did not understand the similarity among Ajanta, Profit 720EC, Polytrin315EC, and Selecron 720%EC , and 91% did not understand the similarity among Agro-Thoate 40%EC, Ethiothoate 40%EC. This misunderstanding of farmers about similar pesticide with different trade name contributes for ineffective pest control, farmers used single active ingredient (with different trade name) for different pest control due to miss understanding. Hence, the government and non government other concerned body should create enough awareness regarding to similarity of for smallholder farmers. Pesticide manufacturers, should also be responsible for pest for this action
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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