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The analysis of archaeological glass by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy
No full textAn analytical procedure is described for the analysis of archaeological glass by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Glass samples were analysed in solution after fusion with lithium metaborate at 1100°C. The analyses were performed in the sequential multielemental mode of operation, with the determination of 15 elements in four analytical runs; only elements with not too large concentration difference were analysed in a single run. The following elements were accounted for: Si, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Sr, Ba, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb. © 1992 Springer-Verlag
Produzioni di vetro a Roma nell'alto medioevo: dati archeologici e archeometrici
No full textExcursus sulla produzione vetraria di Roma tra V e VIII secolo d.C. e analisi su 64 campioni di VII e VIII secolo, che indicano una continuità di produzione tra l'età tardoantica e l'alto medioevo
Evaluating the Contribution of Schools to the Development of Young People as Future Citizens
No full textA combined use of FORS, XRF and Raman spectroscopy in the study of mural paintings in the Aosta Valley (Italy)
No full textMural paintings which decorate the external
façade and the internal apsidal wall of a chapel dedicated
to St. Maxime and located at Challand St. Victor in the
Aosta Valley (Italy) have been analysed with a combined
approach involving high-resolution fibre-optic reflectance
spectroscopy (FORS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry
and Raman spectroscopy. The paintings are attributed
to Giacomino from Ivrea, a painter active around the midfifteenth
century. In order to characterise the palette used by
the painter and to yield information useful to restorers, the
cited techniques were used either in situ with portable
instruments and in laboratory, working on micro samples
withdrawn from paintings. The global analytical approach,
though not entirely non-invasive, can indeed be considered
non-destructive as multiple analyses, including SEM-EDX,
could be carried out on the micro samples, exploiting the
features of each technique. On the basis of the information
obtained, the palette was found to be composed of typical
fresco pigments such as calcite, azurite, malachite, vermilion,
red and yellow ochres. A particular situation was noted
for black pigments since the presence of graphite, rather
than wood or lamp carbon, was found, possibly related to
the presence of graphite deposits in the Aosta Valley.
Furthermore, the presence of smalt superimposed to azurite
in areas showing evidence of repainting was detected,
suggesting that paintings were subjected to retouching at a
relatively early stage after the original execution. Finally,
the presence of tin foils, used to decorate haloes of
Evangelists, was ascertained
Campanian pottery from ancient Bruttium (southern Italy): scientific analysis of local and imported products
No full textOne hundred and jifty-seven sherds of Campanian pottery were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and flame emission spectroscopy (FES). The sherds were found in the course of archaeological excavations carried out at the sites of Sibari, Cosenza, Crotone, Locri, Reggio and Oppido Mamertina in southern Italy (ancient Bruttiurn, today Calabria). Analyses were carried out on dissolved samples, determining 15 elements per sample (AI, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti, Mn, Sr, Ba, Cr, Cu, Y, La and Sc by ICP-OES, and Na and K by FES). Analytical data were subject to multivariate statistical treatment by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Results indicated different compositional groups, allowing one to separate suspected imports from
Campania, Etruria and Sicily from each other and from likely local products. The latter could be further classified into different groups, comprising imitations of foreign forms as well as original local products
Investigation of Roman Terra Sigillata by atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of data
No full textICP–MS analysis of glass fragments of Parthian and Sasanian epoch from Seleucia and Veh Ardasir (Central Iraq)
No full textForty-one glass fragments were analysed by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry, determining 40 major, minor and trace elements, including rare earth elements. The fragments came from excavations carried out at the archaeological sites of
Seleucia and Veh Ardasir in modern Iraq, and were dated to the Parthian and Sasanian epochs. Analytical data indicate that all the samples are silica–soda–lime glasses. Magnesium and potassium oxide contents below 1% suggest that eight out of nine glasses from Seleucia, dating from between the first and the third century AD, could have been obtained by use of an evaporite as a flux; the same conclusion can be drawn for some of the Sasanian glasses dating from the fourth and fifth centuries
AD. The other glasses from Veh Ardasir, as well as the remaining sample from Seleucia, are characterized by higher
contents of magnesium and potassium, which suggests recourse to plant ash; different magnesium and phosphorus contents allow one to separate these samples into two main groups, pointing to the use of different kinds of plant ash. Aluminium and calcium contents, together with trace element data, may indicate that different sands were used for preparing glasses of different composition. Samples from Seleucia and Veh Ardasir are mainly blue–green and green to yellow–green, respectively; iron and manganese contents suggest that the furnace atmosphere was mainly responsible for the development of these hues
Characterization of medieval proteinaceous painting media using gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy
No full textFRESENIUS' J. ANAL. CHEM
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