1,721,168 research outputs found
Keep neuroinflammation in mind when addressing Alzheimer's disease: A microglia perspective
No full textThis commentary offers a detailed examination of a newly published paper on the effects of small molecule decoys of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation on microglial activation. It was discovered that the NSC16224 decoy peptide inhibited proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6 release from microglia in response to Aβ40 and Aβ42 treatment. The research addresses the potential of blocking a sequence of events that lead to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we discuss the significance of these results in neuroinflammation, highlighting the greater implications for how decoy peptides would be interesting for the research and development of new drugs for AD therapy
Protein Kinase C ε in Hematopoiesis: Conductor or Selector?
No full textMainly known for its cardioprotective properties, protein kinase C isoformε (PKCε) is also progressively coming of age in terms of its role in hematopoiesis regulation, particularly that is related to erythropoiesis, megakaryocytopoiesis, and platelet production. Data available to date show that PKCε is differentially regulated in erythrocyte and megakaryocyte progenitors, strongly suggesting an addressing role toward maturation of either lineage. This function appears to be played by either selecting progenitors or conducting maturation toward a specific fate. Inappropriate expression of PKCε in human mature platelets is discussed as a recently described example of functionalmodification that may acquire pathophysiologic relevance in major thrombotic diseases. Preliminary evidence suggests that PKCε expression may be used as a surrogate marker for thrombotic risk stratification and as a possible target for antiplatelet therapy in patients with thrombotic disorders
Sulphur ions delay spontaneous human neutrophils cell death preventing p38 and caspase-3 activation
No full textActivated human NK and CD8+ T cells express both TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptors, but are resistant to TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity
No full textNeuroendocrine regulation and tumor immunity
No full textThe morphogenetic events leading to the transendothelial passage of lymphoid and
tumoral cells are analyzed in light of a very recent and global theory of
intercellular communication designated as the Triune Information Network (TIN).
The TIN system is based on the assumption that cell-cell interactions primarily
occur through cell surface informations or topobiological procesess., whose
mechanisms rely upon expression of adhesion molecules., and are regulated by an
array of locally-borne (autocrine/paracrine signals and autonomic inputs) and
distantly-borne (endocrine secretions) messages. The final aim of the TIN is to
control homeostatic functions crucial for the organism survival., like
morphogenesis. Knowledge of the TIN signals involved in lymphoid and tumoral cell
intravasation might offer a new perspetive to study the mechanisms of tumor
immunity. Recognition of tumor target cells by immune cytotoxic effectors., in
fact., can be considered a notable case of TIN-mediated cell to cell interaction.
In particular., Natural Killer (NK) cells play a role in the cell-mediated control
of tumor growth and metastatic spreading. Cell targeting and killing are
dependent on the different NK cell receptors and on the efficacy of NK cells
after cytokine and monoclonal antibody administration in cancer therapy. Since
efficacy of NK cell-based immunotheraphy has been proven in KIR-mismatch regimens
or in TRAIL-dependent apoptosis., the ability to manipulate the balance of
activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells and of their cognate ligands as
well as the sensitivity of tumor cells to apoptosis., opens new perspectives for
NK cell based immunotherapy
Human herpesvirus-7 infection impairs the survival/differentiation of megakaryocytic cells
No full textIn vitro infection of CD61+ megakaryocytic cells with human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7)
induced a drastic increase of apoptosis. Moreover, cells surviving HHV-7
cytotoxicity showed enhanced megakaryocytic maturation with respect to control
cultures. These data suggest that HHV-7 reactivation in the bone marrow of HIV-1
infected individuals may contribute to impair megakaryocytopoiesis
Tracing the Evolution of Reviews and Research Articles in the Biomedical Literature: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Abstracts
No full textWe previously examined the diachronic shifts in the narrative structure of research articles (RAs) and review manuscripts using abstract corpora from MEDLINE. This study employs Nini’s Multidimensional Analysis Tagger (MAT) on the same datasets to explore five linguistic dimensions (D1–5) in these two sub-genres of biomedical literature, offering insights into evolving writing practices over 30 years. Analyzing a sample exceeding 1.2 million abstracts, we observe a shared reinforcement of an informational, emotionally detached tone (D1) in both RAs and reviews. Additionally, there is a gradual departure from narrative devices (D2), coupled with an increase in context-independent content (D3). Both RAs and reviews maintain low levels of overt persuasion (D4) while shifting focus from abstract content to emphasize author agency and identity. A comparison of linguistic features underlying these dimensions reveals often independent changes in RAs and reviews, with both tending to converge toward standardized stylistic norms
The Evolution of Narrativity in Abstracts of the Biomedical Literature between 1989 and 2022
Full text linkPrevious analysis has shown that the use of narrative devices in the biomedical literature has changed over time. The purpose of the present study was to measure the degree of narrativity in corpora of scientific abstracts obtained from Pubmed through the use of a proprietary software LIWC 2022, which, based on pre-set dictionaries, attributes scores for Staging, Plot Progression and Cognitive Tension to texts. Each text is automatically divided into a number of segments, so that the score change can be assessed throughout the different parts of a text, thus identifying its narrative arc. We systematically applied the scoring system to a corpus of 680,000 abstracts from manuscripts of any kind and genre published in the years 1989–2022 and indexed in MEDLINE, an independent corpus of 680,000 abstracts of Primary studies published in the same years, and finally a corpus of 680,000 abstracts of Review papers that appeared in the 1989–2022 interval. We were able to create plots of the pattern of how these three scores changed over time in each corpus and observed that the prototypical pattern observed in narrative texts, e.g., novels, is not seen in abstracts of the scientific literature, which, however, mostly possess a diverse but quite reproducible pattern. Overall, Reviews better conform to a higher degree of narrativity than Primary studies
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