1,358,396 research outputs found
Galactia cordifolia Ceolin & Miotto 2013, sp. nov.
No full textGalactia cordifolia Ceolin & Miotto, sp. nov. (Figs. 4D, 4E) Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ribas do Rio Pardo, elevation 376 m, 20º38'56"S, 53º39'20"W, 24 February 2008, fl., fr., A. Pott & V. J. Pott 14941 (holotype CGMS!, isotype ICN!). This species is closely related with Galactia glaucescens but differs from it in its unifoliolate coriaceous leaves with an amplexicaul, heart-shaped base, against leaves rarely unifoliolate and never amplexicaul; the lack of a petiole, while in G. glaucescens petiole up to 3 mm long; and the keel petals 14× 5–6 mm, comparing to keels up to 12 mm long. Erect subshrub, ca. 0.5 m tall; leaves unifoliolate, glabrous, coriaceous 60–90× 70–80 mm, base of leaflets heart-shaped, almost completely surrounding the stem (amplexicaul); petiole absent; inflorescences erect and terminal, ca. 15 cm long, many flowered; pedicel 1–3 mm long; standard petal pilose 14 × 12–13 mm; wing petals 11–13 × 5–6 mm and keel petals 14 × 5–6 mm; fruits 41 × 8 mm; seeds ovoid to ellipsoid 3–5 mm long. Additional Specimens Examined (Paratypes): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Ribas do Rio Pardo, 25 January 1979, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas & C. L. Cristóbal 34375 (CTES, SI); São Gabriel do Oeste, MS-429, 11 April 2009, fl., fr., L.C.P. Lima & M.P. Andrade 582 (HUEFS). Etymology:—the specific epithet refers to the heart-shaped leaves (Latin, cordis: heart; folia: leaf). Distribution and Habitat: —to date, this species has been recorded only in the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso do Sul where it inhabits the Cerrado biome and grows in open grassland as well as in more arboreal areas (Cerradão). Phenology:— flowering and fruiting from December to March.Published as part of Ceolin, Guilherme B. & Miotto, Sílvia T. S., 2013, Synopsis of the genus Galactia (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) in Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Phytotaxa 134 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.134.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/508607
Planejamento estratégico: um estudo na empresa Miotto Alimentos
No full textO presente estudo consiste em elaborar um planejamento estratégico para a empresa Miotto Alimentos, da cidade de Anta Gorda – RS. Esta é uma empresa familiar, de pequeno porte, onde os sócios são pai e filho, sua atividade consiste no beneficiamento e empacotamento de feijão preto, milho para pipoca e sementes de girassol. A empresa não possui um planejamento estratégico, e sente dificuldade em ter uma visão mais clara do negócio e saber se os objetivos estão sendo alcançados. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos do ambiente interno, e conhecer as oportunidades e ameaças do ambiente externo. A fim de desenvolver um estudo mais aprofundado, realizou-se um pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, utilizando os métodos qualitativos. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas com os cinco (5) melhores clientes da empresa, com dois (2) fornecedores, com os três (3) funcionários da empresa e com o gestor, o qual é o proprietário da empresa. Com os dados coletados e com a assistência da “Matriz SWOT”, chegou-se à conclusão de uma postura estratégica de manutenção. De acordo com as análises, identificou-se que a empresa possui inúmeros pontos fortes, tendo como principais o atendimento no geral, a qualidade dos produtos e o bom relacionamento com os clientes, estes devem ser mantidos e aperfeiçoados. Mas também, existem várias ameaças, como a falta de política agrícola do país, o grande índice de inadimplência e o clima, que podem prejudica-la, sendo aconselhável que a empresa analise-as e dedique a atenção necessária. As oportunidades identificadas, como a concessão de um pavilhão para ampliar o espaço físico da empresa e a possibilidade de comercializar os produtos que foram sugeridos nas respostas coletadas através desta pesquisa, devem ser aproveitadas pela empresa tendo em vista seu constante crescimento. A respeito dos pontos fracos, como falta de espaço físico para estocagem, baixa divulgação da marca, mix de produtos pequeno, entre outros, foi realizado um plano de ação que contribuirá pra corrigi-los e até elimina-los. Entre as ações propostas, destacam-se a mudança de endereço devido a concessão de um pavilhão com espaço maior, e em consequência desse fato, a possibilidade de instalação de mais e novas maquinas para aumentar significativamente a produção. Com isso, a empresa terá condições de iniciar um processo de planejamento completo e eficaz, para assim atingir os objetivos esperados
Genetics, perinatal insult, and schizophrenia. The mechanism underlying an increased prevalence of perinatal complications among individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
No full textRecent studies on animals and humans point to the possibility that environmental events might
impact on genetic predisposition to abnormal reactions after CNS lesion, causing deviations in the natural
course of brain maturation that may result in neuropsychiatric disorders.
The literature on the genetic basis of obstetric complications risk is here summarized and linked to the large
body of studies indicating perinatal and prenatal adverse events as significant antecedents of schizophrenia.
The hypothesis of an important link between obstetric complications on a genetic basis and the risk of
schizophrenia is put forward, with an illustration of the studies that will allow accepting or rejecting the
proposed hypothesis
Fare esperienza di accoglienza nella scuola dell'infanzia
No full textIl volume curato da Veronica Simona Benhamza e Gianna Miotto Altomare, rappresenta una lettura di certo interesse non solo per gli insegnanti di scuola dell’infanzia, cui è prioritariamente destinato, ma anche per chi, a diverso titolo, si occupa dell’educazione dei bambini e delle bambine da 0 a 10 anni. Il tema al centro del volume, quello dell’accoglienza nella scuola dell’infanzia, è storicamente di fondamentale per quanto, purtroppo, non sempre riconosciuto di centralità nelle prassi di programmazione e progettazione nella scuola dell’infanzia così come in quanto luogo privilegiato di osservazione dei bambini e delle bambine, non solo nel momento di inizio della frequenza del ciclo o dell’anno scolastico, ma per tutta la durata della permanenza a scuola
Self-deception, social desirability, and psychopathology
No full textSocial desirability can be conceived as a proxy for self-deception,
as it involves a positive attribution side and a denial side. Peoplewithmental
disorders have lower scores on measures of social desirability, which could
depend on cognitive load caused by symptoms. This suggests that selfdeception
is an active strategy and not merely a faulty cognitive process
Diurnal variations in suicide by age and gender in Italy
No full textBACKGROUND:
Recent Italian statistics on suicide distribution by time of day also report data on gender and age of victims, factors which have been shown to influence the seasonal distribution of suicide and which could also affect the influence of biological circadian rhythms on suicidal behaviour. This study aims to identify and evaluate any diurnal variations that may be present in suicide occurrence by age and gender in Italy, considering data from 1994 to 1997.
METHODS:
The null hypothesis that there are no variations in the distribution of suicides by time of day (or over the three major periods of the day: morning, afternoon, evening/night) was tested with the chi2 goodness-of-fit test and with ANOVA.
RESULTS:
A clear diurnal variation in the distribution of suicides over time can be observed for both genders, with a peak in the late morning (08:00-11:00 h), and a subsequent decrease to a trough in the night hours. This trend varies with age for both genders: in particular, the age groups 45-64 and 65+ show a clear suicide peak in the morning (08:00-11:00 h), whereas younger people have a peak number of suicides in the late afternoon (16:00-19:00 h). Adults (25-44 years old) show an intermediate trend, with a less pronounced peak between the morning and early afternoon hours. The observed trend is more marked among males; however, the distribution of suicides by time of day is clearly congruent by age between both genders.
CONCLUSIONS:
Diurnal variation in suicide occurrence by age group may be affected by factors distributed unevenly across age groups. In particular, age distribution of disorders leading to suicidal ideation, and the sensitivity of biological systems of different age groups to environmental cues may affect each group's risk of suicide. Socio-relational factors are also likely to contribute to diurnal variation in suicide risk by age and gender. Children and adolescents can generally be presumed to be at school during the morning, therefore their opportunity for self-harm is restricted to afternoon hours. The elderly, on the other hand, may find themselves alone in the morning, when family and friends spend more time away from home due to daily work activities.
LIMITATIONS:
Data are based on time of death and not on presumed time of the suicidal act. For suicides committed by certain methods (e.g., poisoning) there may be a considerable difference between time of act and time of death.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE:
The existence of a temporal window in suicide risk implies an improvement in the surveillance of people at risk of suicide and greater attention to chronobiological factors affecting those suffering from mental disorders leading to suicide ideation
Suicide ideation and social desirability among school-aged young people
No full textA mixed male-female sample of 950 school-aged adolescents, corresponding to 10% of the young population aged 15-19 living in a rural district of Northeast Italy, was investigated with self-reported questionnaires about the links between social desirability and suicide ideation. On the whole 30.6% of females and 23.9% of males reported suicidal ideation of some degree, with 5% in both genders reporting suicide ideation of a high degree (i.e. quite a lot/extremely often). Those who scored higher at the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) reported lower levels of psychiatric symptoms on the Symptom checklist 90R (SCL-90R), with the "denial" subscale of the SDS resulting specifically associated to lower scores on SCL-90R items measuring hopelessness, thoughts about death and suicide ideation. The personality traits measured by the Marlowe-Crowne SDS, such as defensiveness, denial and self-deception, might be conceived as a protection against psychiatric disorders and suicide ideation
Seasonality in suicides: the influence of suicide method, gender and age on suicide distribution in Italy.
No full textIn order to ascertain if and how age, gender and choice of lethal means influence the seasonal distribution of suicide in Italy, data concerning all suicides registered in Italy from 1984 to 1995 have been analyzed, taking these variables into account. In the age group 14-65 years and over a total of 31771 male suicides (mean yearly rate, 12.6 per 100000) and 11984 female suicides (mean yearly rate, 4.4 per 100000) have been identified in Italy during the study period. Suicides in the younger age ranges, both among males and females, show a less marked asymmetrical seasonal distribution than those in the older age groups. Only suicides committed by violent methods (ICD 953-958) show clear evidence of seasonality, with a peak in spring and a low in late autumn. Suicides committed by non-violent methods (950-952) follow no seasonal trend in either sex. Spectral analysis reveals a circannual rhythm for violent suicides (ICD 953-958) in both genders. For male non-violent suicides (ICD 950-952), a period with a frequency of 0.0833 (12 months) has been identified, but with a polarity opposite to that of male violent suicides. For female non-violent suicides, no period of frequency of 0.0833 could be identified, but, as for female violent suicides, a period with frequency close to 0.2500 (4 months) has been found. Changes in climate, then, correlate with the monthly distribution of violent and non-violent suicides in opposite ways: male violent suicides show a significant positive relationship with indicators of temperature and exposure to the sun, and a significant negative relationship with indicators of humidity and rainfall. Female suicides show less significant relationships with climate indicators. Work aimed at suicide prevention should therefore take into account the complex influence of seasonal climate both on human biological rhythms (particularly on 5-HT related functions and their actions on mood and impulsivity) and on sociorelational habits
Influence of method on seasonal distribution of attempted suicides in italy
No full textTo verify if attempted suicides follow different seasonal distributions according to the method chosen, we studied the Italian monthly distribution of admissions for attempted suicide in the period 1984-1995 according to gender and age, distinguishing between non-violent (ICD 950-952) and violent (ICD 953-958) attempted suicides. The effect of temperature was also taken into account. A clear asymmetry in seasonal distribution of events can be observed in the oldest age groups in both genders, with a peak in warmer months. Only male attempted suicides by violent methods show a clear asymmetry in seasonal distribution, with a peak in spring months and a trough in autumn months. Spectral analysis, more accurate in detecting seasonal rhythms than analyses that only compare monthly seasonal means, identifies a circannual rhythm for violent suicides in both genders. The seasonal components of total variance in attempted suicides account for 16.5 and 12.4%, respectively, of violent male and female attempted suicides. Among males, a significant (p < 0.05) 4 cycles/year pattern is seen alongside the more relevant (89.4%, p < 0.01) 1 cycle/year distribution. Among females, aside from the 1 cycle/year distribution (63.3%, p < 0.01) noted, a 6 cycles/year pattern is found to contribute significantly (16.9%, p < 0.05) to the seasonal component of variance. A clear relationship with temperature indicators is noted among males: higher temperatures positively correlate with attempted suicides, whereas cooler temperatures seem to exert a protective action. Female attempts show a less evident correlation with indicators of temperature. Sample composition by age and gender and the lack of distinction between methods of attempted suicide may have obscured the seasonal component of some classes of attempted suicide in previous studies. The circannual rhythm found in this study of violent attempted suicide in relation to climate seasonal change confirms the importance of taking chronobiological variables into account in the evaluation of patients at risk of suicide
Mental disorders, evolution, and inclusive fitness
No full textGrouping severe mental disorders into a global category is
likely to lead to a “theory of everything” which forcefully explains
everything and nothing. Speculation even at the phenotypic level of the
single disorder cannot be fruitful, unless specific and testable models
are proposed. Inclusive fitness must be incorporated in such models
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