262,325 research outputs found
Minio Paluello, Lorenzo
No full textLorenzo Minio Paluello (Belluno 1907 – Oxford 1986). Di famiglia veneziana, studiò a Padova, dove si laureò nel 1929. Tra il 1932 e il 1933 si perfezionò a Parigi. Al suo rientro in Italia, insegnò in una scuola secondaria in Istria fino al 1935, quando fu escluso dall’insegnamento per la sua opposizione al regime fascista. Nel 1939 accettò l’invito dell’Oriel College di Oxford e si trasferì in Inghilterra. Oxford sarebbe rimasta la sua università per tutta la carriera, a parte un breve passaggio a Padova. Nel 1954 Minio era stato infatti incluso nella terna vincitrice di un concorso di Filologia medioevale e umanistica presso l’Università cattolica di Milano; sulla base di quel risultato, nell’autunno 1956 la Facoltà di Lettere e filosofia dell’Università di Padova lo chiamò come professore straordinario (prese servizio il 15 dicembre 1956). Per l’a.a. 1956/57 tenne un corso su “I testi filosofici greci nella tradizione latina”, in cui dovette ricoprire un ruolo centrale la traduzione latina della “Poetica” di Aristotele che lo stesso Minio aveva attribuito qualche anno prima a Guglielmo di Moerbeke (1215-1286) e di cui nel 1953 aveva curato l’edizione portando a termine, con Ezio Franceschini, il lavoro iniziato da Erse Valgimigli, precocemente scomparsa nel 1931, figlia di Manara Valgimigli, che era stato uno dei maestri padovani di Minio. Per l’a.a. successivo gli era stato affidato l’insegnamento di Storia della filosofia medioevale, ma, con lettera del 3 novembre 1957, Minio presentò le sue dimissioni.
Minio Paluello, il «grande solitario delle cultura filologica e letteraria del Novecento» (Claudio Leonardi), è stato uno dei maggiori studiosi del pensiero aristotelico medievale: «tutta la sua vita fu dedicata a un lavoro filologico tra i più ardui, e di conseguenza solitari: la riconquista dell’opera logica nella sua autenticità […]; ma insieme mettendo in luce le deformazioni subite nella tradizione manoscritta, nei grandi centri che hanno cambiato la cultura medievale e in essa la cultura dell’Occidente e di tutto il mondo» (Id.). Fu uno dei motori propulsori della monumentale impresa dell’ “Aristoteles Latinus”, collana di edizioni delle traduzioni latine dello “Stagirita”, con cui collaborò già dal 1947 e che diresse dal 1959 al 1973. Oltre all’opera di progettazione e direzione, Minio curò personalmente diverse edizioni di traduzioni delle opere logiche di Aristotele. Giova qui ricordare anche il suo interesse dantesco.
[Rino Modonutti]
Fonti bibliografiche:
F. Santu, “Minio Paluello, Lorenzo”, LXXIV, 2010, http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/lorenzo-minio-paluello_(Dizionario-Biografico)/; C. Leonardi, “La fedeltà alla parola. E. Franceschini e i maestri padovani”, in “La scuola di Erse. Lettere e documenti di M. Valgimigli, E. Franceschini e L. Minio-Paluello”, a cura di G. Debenedetto e F. Santi, Spoleto 1993, pp. VII-XV (da cui si è citato); R. Southern, “Lorenzo Minio”, in L. Minio Paluello, “Luoghi cruciali in Dante. Ultimi saggi”, a cura di F. Santi, Spoleto 1993, pp. 3-8; B. McGuinness, “Il contributo di Lorenzo Minio a Oxford”, Ibidem, pp. 9-12; J. Brams, “Lorenzo Minio Paluello et l’ ‘Aristoteles Latinus’”, Ibidem, pp. 13-25
Self-identification with another person's face. The time relevant role of multimodal brain areas in the enfacement illusion
No full textIllusory subjective experience of looking at one's own face while in fact looking at another person's face can surprisingly be induced by simple synchronized visuo-tactile stimulation of the two faces. Recently, Apps and colleagues (Cerebral Cortex, 2014) investigated for the first time the role of visual unimodal and temporo-parietal multimodal brain areas in the enfacement illusion, and suggested a model in which multisensory mechanisms are crucial to construct and update self-face representation
“How the Enfacement illusion blurs the thin line between self and other”
No full textIn this chapter, we describe the possibility, thanks to spatially and temporally synchronous interpersonal multisensory stimulation, to challenge self-face recognition and experience the Enfacement illusion, which is the feeling of looking at oneself in the mirror when in fact looking at another person’s face. In explaining how and why the Enfacement illusion occurs, we adopt a predictive coding account of self-face recognition and, according to it, we hypothesizes the conditions under which the Enfacement illusion should be stronger. Lastly, we provide a tentative, predictive neuro-cognitive model of the Enfacement illusion, suggesting the processes and associated neural structures contributing to the insurgence and maintenance over time of this surprising subjective feeling
Laurentius Minio-Paluello, Aristoteles Latinus, I 1-5. Categoriae vel Praedicamenta
No full textMoraux Paul. Laurentius Minio-Paluello, Aristoteles Latinus, I 1-5. Categoriae vel Praedicamenta. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 31, fasc. 1-2, 1962. pp. 338-341
Left hemisphere dominance in reading the sensory qualities of others’ pain?
No full textSeeing or imagining others in pain may activate both the sensory and affective components of the neural network (pain matrix) that is activated during the personal experience of pain. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), proved adept to highlight the sensorimotor side of empathy for pain in studies where mere observation of needles penetrating body parts of a human model brought about a clear corticospinal motor inhibition. By using TMS, we investigated whether inferring the sensory properties of the pain of a model influenced the somatomotor system of an onlooker. Moreover, we tested the possible lateralization of the motor substrates underlying this reading process. We recorded motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to left and right motor cortex stimulation during the observation of ‘flesh and bone’ painful stimulations of right and left hand respectively. We found a significant reduction of onlookers’ MEPs amplitudes specific to the muscle penetrated in the model. Subjective inferences about localization and intensity of the observed pain were associated with specific patterns of motor modulation with larger inhibitory effects following stimulation of the left motor cortex. Thus, results indicate that the mental simulation of the sensory qualities of others’ pain may be lateralized to the left hemispher
Freezing or escaping? Opposite modulations of empathic reactivity to the pain of others
No full textPerceiving pain in others may induce the covert simulation of both sensory and emotional components of others' pain experience. Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have investigated the motor counterpart of this resonant mapping by showing suppression of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during the observation of a needle entering body parts of another person. Here we explored whether MEPs recorded from an onlooker's hand (e.g., the right hand, TMS to the left motor cortex) are differentially influenced by the observation of painfully stimuli delivered to the same (right) or the opposite (left) hand in a model. Congruency between observed (model) and recorded (onlooker) hand brought about a reduction of MEPs amplitude. This resonant inhibitory response in the onlooker was specific for the muscle penetrated in the model. In contrast, observing pain on the model's hand opposite to that from which MEPs were recorded brought about a generalized increase of hand corticospinal excitability. Corticospinal inhibition and facilitation effects were comparable in the two hemispheres and specific for the corresponding and opposite hand. Results suggest that observing pain in another person's hand automatically induces the covert simulation of potentially adaptive freezing and avoidance responses in the onlooker's corticospinal system. (C) 2008 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved
The pain of a model in the personality of an onlooker: influence of state-reactivity and personality traits on embodied empathy for pain
No full textThe study of inter-individual differences at behavioural and neural levels represents a new avenue for neuroscience. The response to socio-emotional stimuli varies greatly across individuals. For example, identification with the feelings of a movie character may be total for some people or virtually absent for others. Inter-individual differences may reflect both the on-line effect (state) of the observed stimuli and more stable personal characteristics (trait). Here we show that somatomotor mirror responses when viewing others’ pain are modulated by both state- and trait-differences in empathy. We recorded motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in healthy individuals observing needles penetrating a model’s hand. We found a reduction of corticospinal excitability that was specific for the muscle that subjects observed being penetrated. This inhibition correlated with sensory qualities of the pain ascribed to the model. Moreover, it was greater in subjects with high trait-cognitive empathy and lower in subjects with high trait-personal distress and in those with high aversion for the observed movies. Results indicate that somatomotor responses to others’ pain are influenced by specific onlookers’ personality traits and self-oriented emotional reactions. Our findings suggest that multiple distinct mechanisms shape mirror mapping of others’ pain
Stimulus-driven modulation of motor-evoked potentials during observation of others' pain
No full textEmpathy may allow interindividual sharing not only of emotions (e.g., joy, sadness, disgust) but also of sensations (e.g., touch, itching, pain). Although empathy for pain may rely upon both sensory and affective components of the pain experience, neuroimaging studies indicate that only the affective component of the pain matrix is involved in empathy for pain. By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we highlighted the sensorimotor side of empathy for pain by showing a clear motor inhibition during the mere observation of needles penetrating body parts of a human model. Here, we explored stimulus-specific and instruction-specific influences on this inhibition by manipulating task instructions (request to adopt first- or third-person perspective vs. passive observation) and painfulness of the experimental stimuli (presentation of videos of needles deeply penetrating or simply pinpricking a hand). We found a significant reduction in amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) specific to the muscle the subjects observed being penetrated that correlated with the intensity of the pain attributed to the model. Crucially, this motor inhibition was present during observation of penetrating but not of pinpricking needles. Moreover, no MEPs modulation contingent upon different task instructions was found. Results suggest that the motor inhibition elicited by the observation of "flesh and bone" pain stimuli is more stimulus-driven than instruction-drive
Absence of Embodied Empathy During Pain Observation in Asperger Syndrome
No full textBackground: Asperger syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental condition within the autism spectrum conditions (ASC) characterized by specific difficulties in communication, social interaction, and empathy that is essential for sharing and understanding others' feelings and emotions. Although reduced empathy is considered a core feature of ASC, neurophysiological evidence of empathic deficits before and below mentalizing and perspective taking is lacking, We explored whether people with AS differ from neurotypical control participants in their empathic corticospinal response to the observation of others' pain and the modulatory role played by phenomenal experience of observed pain and personality traits.
Methods: Sixteen right-handed men with AS (aged 28.0 +/- 7.2 years) and 20 neurotypical controls (aged 25.3 +/- 6.7 years) age, sex, and IQ matched, underwent single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation during observation of painful and nonpainful stimuli affecting another individual.
Results: When observing other's pain, participants with AS, in contrast to neurotypical control participants, did not show any amplitude reduction of motor-evoked potentials recorded from the muscle vicariously affected by pain, nor did their neurophysiological response correlate with imagined pain sensory qualities. Participants with AS represented others' pain in relation to the self-oriented arousal experienced while watching pain videos.
Conclusions: Finding no embodiment of others' pain provides neurophysiological evidence for reduced empathic resonance in people with AS and indicates that their empathic difficulties involve not only cognitive dimensions but also sensorimotor resonance with others. We suggest that absence of embodied empathy may be linked to changes at very basic levels of neural processing
Minio-Paluello (L.). Twelfth Century Logic : Texts and Studies. I. Adam Balsamiensis Parvi pontani : Ars Disserendi (Dialectica Alexandrini).
No full textApostel Leo. Minio-Paluello (L.). Twelfth Century Logic : Texts and Studies. I. Adam Balsamiensis Parvi pontani : Ars Disserendi (Dialectica Alexandrini).. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 35, fasc. 3-4, 1957. pp. 916-919
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