1,720,998 research outputs found
[Acute pancreatic necrosis complicated by infection and gastro-intestinal translocation: pathogenesis correlation and therapeutic implication]. FT Necrosi pancreatica acuta infetta e translocazione batterica intestinale: correlazioni patogenetiche e implicazioni terapeutiche.
No full textThe authors define pathogenetics correlations as a acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by infection and bacterial translocation. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis infection occurs for gastrointestinal bacterial translocation due to structural and functional modifications of intestinal mucosa. These modifications are results of mucosa ischemic-reperfusion system caused by systemic emodynamic instability in micro- and macro-circulation of splanchnic district. Emodynamic systemic instability has a central role in different multiple physiopathologic phenomena (ipovolemic shock; pancreatic shock, SIRS), which is caused by acute pancreatic necrosis and carries to common way established by severe systemics emodinamics modifications; these changes promote growth of adverse events which conduce by means of process previously described to bacterial translocation and infection of acute pancreatic necrosis. Indeed, emodynamic systemic instability of any etiology, can determine for one way bacterial translocation and on the other acute ischemic pancreatitis; both phenomena concur lead to cause beginning of acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by infection. The authors confirm that improved knowledge of acute pancreatic necrosis complicated by infection and own pathogenetic correlations with bacterial translocation, allows the realization of therapeutic measures aimed to prophylaxis of infection of acute pancreatic necrosis. Central emodynamic stability regularization of splanchnic perfusion and antibiotic prophylaxis, have a central role in prophylaxis of infection of acute pancreatic necrosis. Antibiotic is given by systemic (imipenem e.v.) and selective decontamination of gastrointestinal tract (SDD). SDD provides for oral antibiotic prophylaxis (PTA protocol) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (cefotaxime and gentamicin), in addition to microbiologic and gastrointestinal monitoring. If on the one hand the role of SDD about mortality reduction is not clear, however, on the other it is well recognized capacity of reduction the intercurrents and pulmonary infections. Other Authors think that SDD is insignificant on early mortality, whereas, is a good option to reduce late and overall mortality of acute pancreatic necrosis complicated by infection
[Coagulation disorders following severe trauma: surgeon's role in prevention]. FT Turbe della coagulazione nel trauma severo: il ruolo del chirurgo nella prevenzione.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Severe trauma must be considered a "systemic disease" that could lead to severe systemic complications. PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS: Coagulation disorders are present in most trauma patients as hemorrhagic disorder, thrombosis, or like in DIC, with both coexistent phenomenon. Trauma determine the activations of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, and of platelets. Intrinsic pathway activation induce a pro-coagulant function and the activation of fibrinolytic system. Both system activation explain low incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Post-traumatic activation of extrinsic coagulation lead to thrombin and fibrin production. In trauma patients platelets activation is related to endothelial damage, exposition of collagen, interaction with PAF and presence of microorganisms. Post-traumatic DIC is characterized by procoagulant factors activation, with intravascular deposit of fibrin and thrombosis, and by hemorrhagic disorders due to consumption of platelet and procoagulant factors. Lower levels of antithrombin III, in trauma patients, are strictly related to severity of damage and shock. Coagulation disorders related to sepsis, that often complicate trauma, are added to those determined by trauma, with a negative synergic effect. Medical treatment with massive infusion of colloid and crystalloid solution, and fluid, and massive transfusion of plasma and red blood cells can determine dilutional thrombocytopenia, reduced activity of coagulation factors and reduced haemostatic activity of RBC due to excessive haemodilution--Hct <20%. PREVENTION STRATEGY: To avoid post-traumatic coagulation disorders is important to prevent sepsis, thrombocytopenia and reduced activity of coagulation factors and of RBC, as well as prevent and immediately treat shock. The early use of high dose antithrombin concentrate, is important to prevent DIC and MOFS, and administer subcutaneous or intravenous heparin, in absence of hemorrhagic disorders that contraindicate its use
Morphological and microbiological changes of blader urothelium detected by fresh cytomicrobiological test in children with vescicoureteral reflux
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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