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<Book Reviews>Riyo Naoi. Visualizing Area Studies: Finding Resonance in Making a Documentary Film about Social Relations among HIV-positive People in Northern Thailand. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, 2019, 304 p.
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Mutual Communication through Filmmaking : Visual Media, Anthropology, Education
No full text人と情報の急速なグローバル化のもとで錯綜する情報をいかに読み解くかという能力「メディアリテラシー」が注目される。またデジタル化によって映像が一般の人びとも容易に手にできる記録表現媒体となると、自ら映像制作を経験することでメディアの構造や映像による表現方法を学ぶことが、大学教育の現場でも推奨されつつある。本稿では、筆者が映像人類学の立場から実践している映像教育について紹介しながら、人類学実践としての映像制作に現代社会のニーズに応えうる可能性が大いにあることを議論する。映像制作には企画、撮影、編集というプロセスがあるが、基本的には人類学者がテーマを決めて既存の情報や研究を収集し、フィールドワークに出かけ、収集した情報をもとに民族誌を書く過程と変わらない。また、人類学者にとって調査対象者との関係が生命線であるのと同様に、映像制作においても被写体となってくれる相手との出会いと関係が鍵となる。相手と自分の間にカメラが存在することは「あなた」と「わたし」の個の関係のもとで展開される交渉の記録が公になることを暗示する。さらに、編集された映像が公開されることを通じて、制作者は不特定多数の視聴者に自らのメッセージがどのように受け入れられるかを意識する。こうした映像制作を通じて経験的に学びうるものは、被写体との関係構築であり、視聴者を想定することによる社会への意識である。また、学生たちが作る映像作品からは、彼ら彼女らの関心の範囲と対人関係の傾向を見ることができ、そこに教育実践を介した若者についての理解も導かれる。つまり、人類学教育としての映像教育は、メディアリテラシー教育に留まらず、学習者に社会との関係構築を促し、対話的コミュニケーションを通じた相互理解を促進させるものとしての可能性を有している。Global society, with its rapid flow of immigrants and information, strongly demands education in media literacy through a university education, which means the ability to communicate with others interactively and to judge information subjectively. This paper describes at first the author’s educational practice for education on visual media based on the theories of visual anthropology then highlights how education on visual media through anthropological perspectives could be responsive to social demands. The process of filmmaking includes three steps: planning, shooting, and editing, which can be understood as the research plan, fieldwork, and ethnographic writings carried out in the process of anthropological work. Building relationships with the subjects is indispensable for filmmakers as well as for anthropologists. The existence of a camera between the filmmaker and the subject indicates that their personal negotiation will be made public. Furthermore, the filmmaker should be conscious about the responses from the audience since their products will be shown in a public space, such as through the Internet. Students of filmmaking could empirically learn the process of rapport-building with their subjects and their commitment to society by imagining their public audience. Moreover, their film products may indicate their concerns and the characteristics of their relationships. Thus, the education on anthropological filmmaking not only has the possibility to contribute to education in media literacy but also to encourage students to build relationships with their own society and promote mutual understanding of each other
<特集論文 3>序--Teaching Anthropologyの挑戦 -- 調査と教育と社会の結節点を探る
Get PDF本シンポジウムは、京都人類学研究会、日本文化人類学会課題研究会懇談会「応答の人類学」、日本学術振興会科学研究費助成事業・基盤研究(A)「応答の人類学」(代表：清水展)、2015 年度公益信託澁澤民族学振興基金民族学振興プロジェクト「大学教育とフィールドワーク」研究会の、計4者の共催として開催された。本特集は、2016年7月16日に京都大学人文科学研究所において開催された京都人類学研究会7月季節例会シンポジウム「Teaching Anthropology の挑戦―調査と教育と社会の結節点を探る」をもとにしている。本シンポジウムでは「文化人類学を教える」という営みに着目し、各々が日々実践している「文化人類学を教えること」の経験と情報を共有するとともに、「教えることに関する人類学」を検討した。この「文化人類学を教えること」と「教えることに関する人類学」、つまり「教育」と「調査」という2本の柱の接点は、他者との交渉を不可欠とする人類学実践においては自ずと「社会」との接点をも意識させる。本シンポジウムでは、人類学教育実践を通じて、調査と教育と社会の結節点を探ることを目的とした
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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