1,721,003 research outputs found
Chlorinated phosphazene materials for surface functionalization, synthesis of monomeric precursors and supramolecular chemistry
Full text linkAux recherches décrites dans cette thèse correspondent deux thèmes d'études principaux : -L'utilisation de hexachlorocyclotriphosphazène (HCCP) et poly(dichlorophosphazène) (PDCP) en tant qu'agents de couplage pour la fonctionnalisation de surface de substrats solides (matériaux inorganiques à base de silicium et matériaux polymères organiques), -La synthèse de composés phosphazeniques pour l'élaboration de nouveaux matériaux ayant des structures supramoléculaires. La première thématique a été abordée par étapes. Dans un premier temps en étudiant à l'aide de calculs théorique ab initio, la faisabilité de la réaction de fonctionnalisation de surface de substrats siliceux inorganiques (wafers de silicium, lamelles de verre sodalime et de quartz fondu électriquement, gel de silice). Ces calculs ont démontré d'un point de vue thermodynamique, la faisabilité du greffage de HCCP à la surface de tels substrats mais aussi l'existence de barrières énergétiques importantes, lesquelles pourraient raisonnablement être diminuées par un choix adéquat du solvant de réaction. L'analyse XPS effectuée sur des échantillons fonctionnalisés par HCCP par la technique GDS(Glow Discharge-induced Sublimation), a montré la formation de liaisons fortes entre le phosphazène et la surface des substrats, ainsi que l'intervention de phénomènes de dégradation hydrolytique. Dans un deuxième temps, HCCP et PDCP ont été utilisés avec succès en tant qu'agents de couplage pour la fonctionnalisation de surface de substrats polymères organiques. Ils on permis de greffer des alcools fluorés de longueurs différentes ainsi que des fonctions azobenzènes à la surface de poly(éthylène-co-vinyl alcool), de polyéthylène haute densité (HDPE) et de polyamide-6 (PA6) traités préalablement par un plasma froid d'argon à basse pression. En ce qui concerne la seconde thématique, douze cyclotriphosphazènes contenant des groupements 2-oxazoline de natures chirale, non chirale ou racémique ont été synthétisés en tant que composés de base pour la préparation de nouveaux matériaux. Les structures prévues pour ces composés ont été confirmées par spectroscopies FTIR et RMN, analyse élémentaire, mesure d'angles de contact et mesure du pouvoir rotatoire optique. Les applications potentielles de tels composés incluent la synthèse de matériaux réticulés (cyclomatrix polymères) pour la séparation d'espèces énantiomères, et leur utilisation en tant qu'espaceurs de chaînes pour le recyclage de matériaux polymères.To the research described in this thesis two principal topics of studies have been performed: - the use ofhexachlorocyc1otriphosphazene (HCCP) and poly(dichlorophosphazène) (PDCP) as coupling agents for the surface functionalization of solid substrates (inorganic materials containing organic silicon and polymerie materials), - The synthesis of phosphazenic compounds as new materials exhibiting the supramolecular structures
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Surface Functionalization with Phosphazene Substrates. Part II. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Interactions of Hexachlorocyclophosphazene with Hydroxylated Silicon-based Surfaces
No full textThe interaction of hexachlorocyclophosphazene (HCCP) with the hydroxylated silicon-based surfaces is studied by a combination of XPS experimental analysis and theoretical ab initio simulations, including the estimate of the energy barriers via CI-NEB method to determine the minimum energy reaction paths. Several possible, stable chemisorbed configurations are found to exist, whose structural, energetic, and electronic properties have been analyzed in detail. The theoretical results are in good qualitative agreement with available experimental data. In particular, we get indications that water plays a crucial role in the surface functionalization with HCCP, although the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, THF) seems to be essential
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Natural surfactants towards a more sustainable fluorine chemistry
Full text linkFluorinated materials play an essential role in modern industry and technology, and their importance is expected to grow even more in the next future. Unfortunately, their practical application often requires dispersion by means of fluorinated surfactants, which raised huge environmental and toxicity concerns due to their long-lasting persistence in the environment and high tendency to accumulate in animals and humans. A greener and more sustainable strategy towards the replacement of synthetic fluorosurfactants is offered by the use of amphiphiles of biological origin. Among them, phospholipids have been the most widely exploited as emulsifiers of fluorous compounds. Some interesting examples were also reported using amphiphilic proteins, in particular fungal hydrophobins, as biosurfactants and coating agents for fluorinated substrates. This perspective offers an overview of the main natural surfactants currently used in fluorine chemistry, focusing in particular on two main application areas: (i) fluorous oil-in-water emulsions and gas microbubbles for biomedical imaging and drug delivery, and (ii) coating and functionalization of solid fluorinated surfaces
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