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Investigating the Impact of Interoception on Autobiographical Memory Retrieval
No full textThe act of retrieving an autobiographical memory is a complex cognitive process, influenced by an array of external and internal factors. Models of embodied cognition suggest that body representations significantly impact the retrieval of autobiographical memory. Particularly interoception, the perception of internal bodily sensations, is posited as a critical component in the efficient Construction and subsequent Elaboration of memories, even though its role in retrieval is underexplored experimentally. This thesis addresses the existing gap in empirical literature by exploring the interplay between interoception and autobiographical memory. Across five studies distributed over three chapters, we offer a comprehensive examination of how our internal bodily awareness interacts with and influences the process of memory retrieval.
Chapter One presents two studies focused on examining the relationship between self-reported interoception and measures of individual differences in autobiographical memory, encompassing various features. Study 1a revealed a significant association between interoceptive measures and the general experience of recollection, as well as the tendency for mental time travel in our sample. This finding indicates a broader effect of interoception on both phases of memory retrieval, which persists irrespective of affect. Study 1b served as a replication of our initial investigation and corroborated the findings, reinforcing the consistency and robustness of the observed relationship between our variables of interest.
Chapter Two addressed whether specific characteristics of retrieved memories were influenced by interoception, particularly focusing on emotionality of memories. In Study 2, utilizing a more ecological methodology, we discovered that the emotional valence of autobiographical memories was selectively affected by interoception. Specifically, individuals with higher levels of interoception tended to recall positive memories more frequently. This observation provides evidence that interoceptive abilities play a critical role in sustaining the positivity bias in memory recall, potentially by inhibiting negative memories in favour of positive ones. To preliminarily investigate this hypothesis, we conducted Study 3. The results of this study indicated that interoception was not directly linked to inhibition itself, but rather to the suppression of various types of non-autobiographical information that had been previously studied. While these findings are intriguing, they underline the need for further research focusing on self-related and autobiographical memories, as opposed to solely on previously studied information.
Finally, in Chapter Three, Study 4 aimed to explore the presence of a relationship between interoception and autobiographical memory in the context of ageing, particularly focusing on whether variations in interoceptive processing influenced autobiographical memory impairment in a population of Mild Cognitive Impairment patients. Our preliminary findings from the initial sample indicated a marked difference between patients and controls in both the Elaboration of memories and in interoceptive processing. Significantly, the study revealed the influence of multiple measures of interoception on the Construction phase of memory retrieval for patients. We observed that patients with higher interoceptive abilities were more efficient in retrieving memories compared to those with lower interoceptive skills. This suggests that interoception could serve as a potential protective factor in memory retrieval for MCI patients, highlighting its possible role in mitigating the effects of cognitive decline.
Taken together, our results provide substantial evidence supporting the concept that bodily experiences profoundly influence how we retrieve memories, thereby providing evidence for previous theories of embodied cognition.The act of retrieving an autobiographical memory is a complex cognitive process, influenced by an array of external and internal factors. Models of embodied cognition suggest that body representations significantly impact the retrieval of autobiographical memory. Particularly interoception, the perception of internal bodily sensations, is posited as a critical component in the efficient Construction and subsequent Elaboration of memories, even though its role in retrieval is underexplored experimentally. This thesis addresses the existing gap in empirical literature by exploring the interplay between interoception and autobiographical memory. Across five studies distributed over three chapters, we offer a comprehensive examination of how our internal bodily awareness interacts with and influences the process of memory retrieval.
Chapter One presents two studies focused on examining the relationship between self-reported interoception and measures of individual differences in autobiographical memory, encompassing various features. Study 1a revealed a significant association between interoceptive measures and the general experience of recollection, as well as the tendency for mental time travel in our sample. This finding indicates a broader effect of interoception on both phases of memory retrieval, which persists irrespective of affect. Study 1b served as a replication of our initial investigation and corroborated the findings, reinforcing the consistency and robustness of the observed relationship between our variables of interest.
Chapter Two addressed whether specific characteristics of retrieved memories were influenced by interoception, particularly focusing on emotionality of memories. In Study 2, utilizing a more ecological methodology, we discovered that the emotional valence of autobiographical memories was selectively affected by interoception. Specifically, individuals with higher levels of interoception tended to recall positive memories more frequently. This observation provides evidence that interoceptive abilities play a critical role in sustaining the positivity bias in memory recall, potentially by inhibiting negative memories in favour of positive ones. To preliminarily investigate this hypothesis, we conducted Study 3. The results of this study indicated that interoception was not directly linked to inhibition itself, but rather to the suppression of various types of non-autobiographical information that had been previously studied. While these findings are intriguing, they underline the need for further research focusing on self-related and autobiographical memories, as opposed to solely on previously studied information.
Finally, in Chapter Three, Study 4 aimed to explore the presence of a relationship between interoception and autobiographical memory in the context of ageing, particularly focusing on whether variations in interoceptive processing influenced autobiographical memory impairment in a population of Mild Cognitive Impairment patients. Our preliminary findings from the initial sample indicated a marked difference between patients and controls in both the Elaboration of memories and in interoceptive processing. Significantly, the study revealed the influence of multiple measures of interoception on the Construction phase of memory retrieval for patients. We observed that patients with higher interoceptive abilities were more efficient in retrieving memories compared to those with lower interoceptive skills. This suggests that interoception could serve as a potential protective factor in memory retrieval for MCI patients, highlighting its possible role in mitigating the effects of cognitive decline.
Taken together, our results provide substantial evidence supporting the concept that bodily experiences profoundly influence how we retrieve memories, thereby providing evidence for previous theories of embodied cognition
Exploring the role of interoception in autobiographical memory recollection
No full textThe way we perceive signals coming from the inside of the body (i.e., interoception) may influence the processing of information related to the self. In this study, we investigated whether interoceptive sensibility may play a role in autobiographical memory processes. We evaluated 41 healthy participants with a modified version of the Autobiographical Memory Test, also assessing specificity, vividness, emotional valence, and intensity for autobiographical and public memories. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring interoceptive sensibility. Results showed that autobiographical memories were recalled with higher specificity, vividness, and emotional intensity than public memories. Interestingly, we found that participants with (self reported) high interoceptive sensibility recalled more positive events in the autobiographical compared to the public condition. Our findings provided new evidence on the selective role of physiological aspects of bodily self-awareness in autobiographical memory, suggesting that interoception is fundamental for supporting adaptive emotion regulation processes when recollecting engrams related to the self
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Health emergencies and interoceptive sensibility modulate the perception of non-evidence-based drug use: Findings from the COVID-19 outbreak.
No full textScientific evidence plays an important role in the therapeutic decision-making process. What happens when physicians are forced to make therapeutic decisions under uncertainty? The absence of scientific guidelines at the beginning of a pandemic due to an unknown virus, such as COVID-19, could influence the perceived legitimacy of the application of non-evidence-based therapeutic approaches. This paper reports on a test of this hypothesis, in which we administered an ad hoc questionnaire to a sample of 64 Italian physicians during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (April 2020). The questionnaire statements regarding the legitimacy of off-label or experimental drugs were framed according to three different scenarios (Normality, Emergency and COVID-19). Furthermore, as the perception of internal bodily sensations (i.e., interoception) modulates the decision-making process, we tested participants' interoceptive sensibility using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). The results showed that participants were more inclined to legitimate non-evidence-based therapeutic approaches in the COVID-19 and Emergency scenarios than the Normality scenario. We also found that scores on the MAIA Trusting subscale positively predicted this difference. Our findings demonstrate that uncertain medical scenarios, involving a dramatic increase in patient volume and acuity, can increase risk-taking in therapeutic decision-making. Furthermore, individual characteristics of health care providers, such as interoceptive ability, should be taken into account when constructing models to prevent the breakdown of healthcare systems in cases of severe emergency
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