1,720,955 research outputs found
First Report of Resistance of Peronospora belbahrii, Causal Agent of Downy Mildew of Basil, to Mefenoxam in Italy
No full textSweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an economically important herb crop in Italy, cultivated both in the greenhouse and field (about 1,000 ha) for fresh and mainly processed (pesto sauce) consumption. Downy mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) (Thines et al. 2009) was first reported in Italy in 2003 (Garibaldi et al. 2004). Currently, downy mildew is the major threat for covered and open field sweet basil, requiring several and continuous fungicide applications. Mefenoxam (metalaxyl-M) plus copper has been the most widely used and effective product against P. belbahrii, since its registration on basil in Italy in 2004. Recently, downy mildew control became problematic, most likely due to the efficacy reduction of mefenoxam. From 2012 to 2014, in the growing periods from June to September, 13 P. belbahrii samples (five in 2012, two in 2013, and six in 2014) were collected from three of the most important basil production areas of Italy (about 800 ha): Emilia-Romagna (nine samples), Liguria (three samples), and Veneto (one sample) regions, where disease control failures by mefenoxam-based programs were widely reported since 2012. Each sample consisted of 10 to 20 plants (O. basilicum type “Genovese”) with sporulating leaves. Field isolates were maintained on living plants of the same type in a greenhouse. Potted plants (O. basilicum type “Genovese”) at the stage of 8 to 10 leaves were sprayed with mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold SL, 43.88% [465 g/liter], Syngenta Crop Protection SpA, Milano, Italy) at a field rate of 22.8 g/100 liters. Mandipropamid (Pergado SC, 23.4% [250 g/liter], Syngenta Crop Protection SpA) at 50 ml/100 liters, and azoxystrobin (Ortiva, 23.2% [250 g/liter], Syngenta Crop Protecion SpA) at 100 ml/100 liters, both registered for use on basil in Italy, were sprayed as standard references, while untreated plants were kept as negative controls. Four plants per product and four untreated plants were used per field isolate. Twenty-four hours after treatment, each plant was spray-inoculated with a sporangia suspension of 5 ml/plant (105 sporangia/ml) of each collected field isolates. Plants were stored in plastic boxes overnight at 24 ± 1°C and 100% relative humidity (RH), in order to enhance disease infection. Hereafter, plants were kept in a greenhouse at 24 ± 1°C and 50 to 60% RH. At the appearance of symptoms on the untreated control (i.e., about 10 to 12 days after inoculation), the plants were placed overnight in plastic boxes at 100% RH. Disease severity was visually assessed by estimating the percentage of sporulated leaf area, according to Mersha et al. (2012). All assays were repeated at least twice. Among the 13 tested field isolates, 11 were resistant to mefenoxam (with an average sporulated leaf surface varying from 20 to 60%). Only two field isolates (collected in 2012 and 2014, both from two different areas in Emilia-Romagna) proved sensitive to mefenoxam while all isolates were sensitive to mandipropamid and azoxystrobin. Similar to a report from Israel (Cohen et al. 2013), our results confirm that poor control of P. belbahrii in areas of Italy with intensive use of mefenoxam (2 to 3 per cycle of production) is due to resistance development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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