1,720,955 research outputs found
Genitori e vaccinazione anti-HPV
No full textIntroduzione: In Italia la vaccinazione anti-HPV è offerta gratuitamente a tutte le ragazze nel dodicesimo anno di vita a partire dal 2008. I vaccini attualmente in commercio sono due ed entrambi mostrano immunogenicità, sicurezza ed efficacia. Naturalmente l’efficacia di una qualsiasi vaccinazione dipende dal grado di copertura raggiunto nella popolazione, che è influenzato dalla sua accettazione e dal livello di conoscenza dell’argomento. Appaiono, pertanto, fondamentali campagne informative sull’argomento rivolte sia alle adolescenti che ai propri genitori. Alcuni lavori hanno, infatti, dimostrato che l’accettazione della vaccinazione da parte di questi ultimi non è universale a causa di preoccupazioni legate al timore di incoraggiare pratiche sessuali precoci. Il nostro studio si propone di: 1) verificare il livello di informazione, di genitori con figlie tra i 12 e i 19 anni, in tema di infezione e vaccinazione da HPV, 2) identificare le ragioni di non adesione vaccinale, 3) identificare le figure maggiormente attive nelle campagne di informative, 4) verificare il trend di adesione.
Metodi: Sulla base di un questionario utilizzato dal Ministero ne è stato costituito uno ad hoc per gli obiettivi dell’indagine. Lo studio ha coinvolto tre istituti scolastici di Siena, due scuole medie inferiori ed un istituto liceale. Sono stati distribuiti 1200 questionari ai genitori delle studentesse nate nelle coorti comprese tra il 1993 e il 2000. Sono state condotte analisi descrittive circa la percentuale di adesione, le motivazioni di mancata vaccinazione, la qualità e la modalità delle informazioni ricevute. Inoltre si sono confrontati con il test del X2 i trend di adesione alla vaccinazione nelle coorti di nascita ottenute con il questionario con la fonte dati istituzionale del Dipartimento di Prevenzione dell’ Azienda ASL di Siena. Le analisi sono state condotte con Epinfo 7 ed Excel.
Risultati: La percentuale di ritorno del questionario è stata pari al 54%. La maggioranza delle studentesse (il 79%) si è sottoposta alla vaccinazione anti-HPV. Il 70% dei genitori ha dichiarato di ritenere sufficiente la propria conoscenza sulla tematica. Una discreta parte di essi (67%) ha ottenuto informazioni da personale sanitario, quale ginecologi, pediatri, medici di medicina generale, sebbene alcuni (il 33%) abbiano appreso informazioni da fonti non ufficiali, come: parenti, amici, internet, radio, televisione, riviste. Si è, inoltre, evidenziato un quadro eterogeneo anche riguardo le motivazioni di mancata adesione. Analizzando le informazione rilevate dai questionari è stato identificato un trend di adesione da cui non sono emerse differenze statisticamente significative (P=0,62) tra le diversi coorti di nascita. Ciò contrasta con i dati ufficiali dai quali si rileva, invece, un trend crescente di adesione alla vaccinazione.
Conclusioni: Dall’indagine è emerso che la maggioranza di studentesse si è sottoposta alla vaccinazione. Per contro, nonostante il 70% dei genitori si ritenga sufficiente informato sulla tematica, alcuni di essi hanno appreso informazioni da fonti non interattive o da soggetti non esperti. In quest’ottica sarebbe auspicabile, ottimizzare la cooperazione tra Dipartimenti di Prevenzione delle Asl, Medici di Medicina Generale, Pediatri e Ginecologi al fine di garantire un’informazione adeguata e costante sul problema. La scuola potrebbe assumere un ruolo di collaborazione attiva con tali figure, promuovendo progetti e campagne educazionali sull’argomento
Epidemiological and virological surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in the 2019/2020 season in Siena, Tuscany, Italy
Full text linkBackground: Influenza is a major public health issue. Indeed, in Italy there were 7.6 million symptomatic cases of influenza in the 2019/2020 influenza season (from October 2019 to April 2020). We analysed influenza A and B viruses in hospitalized adult and elderly patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) at Le Scotte University Hospital in Siena.
Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were taken from 68 SARI patients, who also completed a questionnaire recording their underlying diseases and vaccination status. Total RNA was extracted from each respiratory swab by means of the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit, and RT-PCR was carried out. All statistical analyses were performed by means of GraphPad Prism 6 software and STATA.
Results: The average age of subjects was 79.4 years (C.I.: 76.6-82.3) and 52.9% were female. The subjects had fever (89.7%), fatigue (77%), headache (47%), cough (75%), sore throat (70.5%), and breathlessness (63.2%). We found that 20% of the 68 subjects were positive (13% for A H3N2 and 7% for A H1N1). Of the 68 subjects, 25% had received a seasonal influenza vaccine (91.6% trivalent and 8.4% quadrivalent).
Conclusions: The virological surveillance of influenza is important in order to determine the timing and spread of influenza viruses and track changes in circulating influenza viruses, so as to inform seasonal influenza vaccine composition. SARI surveillance has been implemented in the European Region since 2009. Seasonal vaccination is considered the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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