176,393 research outputs found
Rhinopetitia melanohumeralis Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019, new species
No full textRhinopetitia melanohumeralis, new species Figures 22–25, Table 5 Knodus hereresthes (not Eigenmann, 1908) – Thomaz et al., 2015 [in part, MNRJ 34678; multilocus phylogeny of the Stevardiinae] Holotype. MZUSP 124122, female 40.0 mm SL, Mato Grosso, Campinápolis, Rio Culuene, Rio Xingu basin, 13°32’15’’S, 52°47’45”W, F.C.T. Lima, F.A. Machado, A.C. Ribeiro, C.L.R. Moreira, 02 October 2007 Paratypes. All from Brazil. MZUSP 98202, 40 (22.0–40.0 mm SL, 5 C&S, 34.5–38.0 mm SL) collected with the holotype. MZUSP 98400, 8 (25.0–40.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, left bank of Rio Teles Pires, Rio Tapajós basin, 09°27’06”S, 56°30’50”W, M.V. Loeb & A. de Castro, 20 January 2008. INPA 59020, 5 (40.0–44.0 mm SL), MNRJ 51536, (42.0–47.0 mm SL), MPEG 38604, 5 (38.5–46.0 mm SL), MZUSP 96624, 45 (25.0–47.0 mm SL), UFRGS 27593, 5 (40.0–43.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Peixoto de Azevedo, Rio Peixoto de Azevedo, tributary of Rio Teles Pires, Rio Tapajós basin, 10°13’14”S, 54°58’02”W, J. Birindelli, L. Sousa, A. L. Netto-Ferreira, M. Sabaj & N. Lujan, 16 October, 2007; MZUSP 89719, 49 (23.0–37.5 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Paranatinga, Rio Culuene, Rio Xingu basin, 13°49’00”S, 53°15’00”W, A. Akama & J. Birindelli, 21 August 2006. MZUSP 93242, 18 (16.0–31.0 mm), Pará, Pimental, right bank of Rio Tapajós, 04°34’15”S, 56°15’39”W, L.M. Sousa & J.L. Birindelli, 11 November 2006. MZUSP 74645, 6 (28.0–35.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, Rio Teles Pires Pesqueiro do Dentinho, 13°08’00”S, 59°50’00”W, F.A. Machado et al. July 1997. MZUSP 96192, 18 (19.0–28.0 mm SL) Mato Grosso;. MZUSP 100038, 4 (SL 29.0–32.5 mm), Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Teles Pires above Sete Quedas, 09°23’53”S, 56°34’37”W, Rio Tapajós basin, L.M. Sousa & A. L. Netto-Ferreira, 16 June 2008. MZUSP 94123, 36 (22.0–36.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Gaúcha do Norte, rio Culuene, 13°30’53”S, 53°05’40”W, F.C.T. Lima, F.A. Machado, C.A. Figueiredo, & J.L. Birindelli, May 2007. MZUSP 91395, 23 (20.0–32.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Gaúcha do Norte, Rio Curisevo, beach under bridge on road to Sorriso, about 30 km from Gaúcha do Norte, tributary of Rio Xingu, 13°12’58”S, 53°29’53”W, C. Moreira, I. Landim, A. Datovo & Oliveira, 19 October, 2004. MZUSP 124123, 18 (26.0–34.0 mm), Pará, Jacareacanga, São Martins village, Rio Tapajós, 06°08’20”S, 57°40’02”W, F.C. Dagosta & H. Varella, 03 April 2013. MZUSP 91396, 3 (28.0–34.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Canarana, Rio Sete de Setembro, tributary of Rio Xingu, about 30 km west of Canarana, road MT 020, 13°30’19”S, 52°25.5’57”W, C. Moreira, I. Landim, C. Nolasco & A. Datovo, 17 October 2004. MZUSP 99939, 3 (32.0–42.0 mm SL) and 99985 1, (35.0 mm SL), Pará, Jacareacanga, Rio Teles Pires below Sete Quedas, Rio Tapajós drainage, 09°20’38”S, 56°46’42”W, L.M. Sousa, & A.L. Netto-Ferreira, 10 June 2008. Diagnosis. Body depth in Rhinopetitia melanohumeralis, R. paucirastra and R. myersi (25.0–31.0% of SL, Fig. 4, Tables 2, 3, and 6) is deeper than in R. oligolepis, (19.1–24.0 % of SL, table 3), and R. nigrofasciata (20.0–24.8 % of SL, Table 4).The new species differs from R. oligolepis by having 5 versus 4 longitudinal scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line and 33–34 versus 34–35 vertebrae; from R. nigrofasciata by having 33–34 vs 35–36 vertebrae; and from R. paucirastra by having 13–17 vs 8–12 gill rakers on the external row on first gill arch and 35–38 vs 33–35 lateral line scales. Finally, R. melanohumeralis differs from R. myersi in having 35–38 vs 32–34 lateral line scales and 13–14 vs 12 longitudinal scale rows around caudal peduncle, and from R. potamorhachia by the lower number of teeth cusps on both jaws (4–5 vs. 7–9). Description. Morphometrics of holotype and paratypes in Table 5. Body small (largest examined specimen 47.0 mm SL). Head and body elongate and laterally compressed; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Profile distinctly convex from upper jaw to posterior nostril, slightly convex from latter point to dorsal-fin origin, straight along dorsalfin base, nearly straight to slightly concave from latter point to adipose-fin origin, and concave from latter point to anteriormost dorsal procurrent ray. Ventral body profile convex from tip of lower jaw to isthmus, nearly straight from that point to vertical through pectoral-fin origin, convex from latter point to pelvic-fin origin, and straight from that point to anal-fin origin. Ventral profile along anal-fin base straight and concave on caudal peduncle. Mouth sub-terminal to nearly inferior; lower jaw short, included in upper jaw when mouth closed. Posterior tip of maxilla reaching slightly beyond vertical through anterior border of pupil. Outer premaxillary tooth row with 4 (31), 5 (163), 6 (60*), or 7 (2) teeth, each with four to five cuspidate teeth (5), inner row with 4 (256) five (5) cuspidate teeth (Fig. 23). Maxillary (Fig. 23) with 1 (1), 2 (93*), 3 (139), or 4 (23) teeth, all teeth about equally developed with five (3) to six cusps (2). Dentary (Fig. 23) with 4 (256) anterior large teeth with five cuspidate teeth (5) followed by 2 (3), 3 (60), 4 (129*), 5 (46), 6 (10), or 7 (1) smaller three (3) to five (2) cuspidate teeth, gradually decreasing in size posteriorly. First gill arch with external and internal rows of gill rakers; external row with 13 (25), 14 (69*), 15 (100), 16 (54), or 17 (8) gill rakers. Branchiostegal rays 4 (5); 3 originating on anterior and 1 on posterior ceratohyal. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete; perforated scales 35 (75), 36 (131*), 37 (44), or 38 (1). Predorsal scales 11 (62), 12 (177*), or 13 (15). Scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 5 (256); rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3 (15), or 4 (241*); circumpeduncular scales 13 (97*), or 14 (149). Single series of scales with sinuous posterior borders forming sheath along base extending to about 13 th anal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i, 10 (7), i, 11 (124*), i, 12, (114), or i,13 (11). Distal tip of longest pectoral-fin ray not reaching pelvicfin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (225*) or i,7,i (19); tip of fin extending to anal-fin origin. Supraneurals 4 (1), 5 (2) or 6 (2), rod-shaped, or with discrete enlargement of dorsal portion; last supraneural located anterior to neural spines of 8 th (2) or 9 th (3) vertebral centra. Dorsal-fin rays ii,7, i (256). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 10 th (1) or 11 th (4) centrum. Distal margin of extended dorsal fin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal-fin origin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Base of last dorsal-fin ray situated slightly anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iv–v, 15 (12), 16 (82*), 17 (105), 18 (55), or 19 (1), posterior most ray adnate. Anal fin with short, inconspicuous, anterior lobe including last unbranched ray plus first 5–6 branched rays. Distal margin of anal fin concave. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal arch of centra 16 th (2), or 17 th (3). Adipose fin present. Principal caudal-fin rays 10/9 (256). Dorsal and ventral procurrent rays 10 (4), 11 (1) and 10 (5) respectively. Vertebrae 33 (2), or 34 (3). Color in alcohol. Ground color pale to yellowish brown. Small dark chromatophores densely distributed on snout extending up on head until tip of supraoccipital spine leaving a light area on the anterior part of fontanel. Larger dark chromatophores on fourth and fifth infraorbital bones and upper median portions of opercle. Small dark chromatophores scattered over upper part of body above lateral line and above anal-fin base until below lateral line, fewer on anterior lower part of body. Dark inconspicuous mid-lateral body stripe in freshly preserved specimens sometimes obscured by guanine extending from about vertical through dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base, enlarged over caudal peduncle. Very conspicuous dark humeral blotch slightly elongate vertically occupying three longitudinal scale rows. Mid-dorsal and adjacent scale rows densely pigmented with small dark chromatophores distributed over distal part of scales, but leaving light areas on basal and marginal portions of each scale. Larger dark chromatophores on central part of anterior half of midline predorsal scales. All fins hyaline with few scattered dark chromatophores on dorsal, caudal, and anal fins and very few on pectorals, and pelvic fins. Sexual dimorphism. Anal fin of sexually mature males (Fig. 24) with bilateral hooks on largest unbranched ray and first four branched rays. Pelvic-fin (Fig. 25) with hooks distributed on the six anteriormost branched rays. Etymology. The specific name melanohumeralis is from the Latin words “melano” meaning black, dark and “humerus” meaning shoulder, is in reference to the conspicuous dark blotch on the humeral region on the sides of the body of this species. Distribution. This species is so far known from small streams tributaries of the rivers Teles Pires, and Tapajós in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, and Culuene, Curisevo and Sete de Setembro, flowing into the Xingu river basin, in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil (Fig. 9)Published as part of Menezes, Naércio A. & Netto-Ferreira, Andre L., 2019, A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry, pp. 59-86 in Zootaxa 4700 (1) on pages 80-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/354529
Phallobrycon Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira, 2009, new genus
No full textPhallobrycon, new genus Type species. Phallobrycon adenacanthus, by monotypy and original designation (Figs. 1 and 2). Etymology. The first part of the name Phallobrycon is from the Greek phallus meaning penis with reference to the urogenital papilla of the male, apparently responsible for the introduction of sperm into the ovary of the female. The word brycon corresponds to the frequently used generic name of small characids. Diagnosis. Among Clade A characids only Phallobrycon and Bryconadenos have the combination of intumescent glandular tissue present on the anterior part of the anal fin and pelvic-fin hooks absent in sexually mature males. In Phallobrycon, however, the glandular tissue is associated with specially developed spines on some anal-fin rays. Two developed spines are present on median unbranched portions of fifth, sixth and seventh anal-fin rays (Fig. 3). These spines are larger and separated from the close-set smaller hooks that appear on distal portions of the anterior anal-fin rays of Phallobrycon, and different from those found on distal portions of several anal-fin rays of many characids. Large spines and small hooks are never found together on any anal-fin ray in Phallobrycon. As opposed to the epithelium clearly divided into a reduced upper part and a more developed lower part forming a cup-shaped structure in Bryconadenos (Menezes et al., 2009), a rather simple concentration of glandular tissue on the anterior part of the anal fin is observed in Phallobrycon. Another distinguishing, but not exclusive, character of Phallobrycon is the presence of a developed urogenital papilla in male specimens (Fig. 4). Discussion. The presence of ii, 8 dorsal-fin rays and four teeth on the inner row of the premaxilla characterizes Phallobrycon as a member of Clade A characids. Gill glands, spermatozeugmata and sperm storage areas in the testis, and presence of spermatozoa within ovarian lumen typical of inseminating Clade A genera, are also present in Phallobrycon (Figs. 5, 6, and 7), but these structures might not be exclusive of members of this clade. Actually gill glands are also present in cheirodontin (Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2007) and aphyocharacin characids (Gonçalves et al., 2005) and was also observed by one of us (KMF) in Bryconamericus exodon, a non-inseminating Clade A species. Presence of enlarged anal-fin spines in characids was first reported by Weitzman (1977) in Hyphessobrycon diancistrus. Mature males specimens of this species have a remarkably large spine dorsally curved on the posterior margin of fourth unbranched ray and a smaller one on the posterior margin of the unbranched portion of first branched ray (see Weitzman 1977: 353, figs. 2 and 3). Similar spines occupying the same position on the anterior part of the anal fin have been recently described in Hyphessobrycon otrynus by Benine & Lopes (2008: 66, fig. 4), and both Weitzman (1977) and Benine & Lopes (2008) provide information on the occurrence of enlarged anal-fin spines in species of the characid genera Hemigrammus, Tyttobrycon and Moenkhausia. However, the number and location of the spines on the anal fin in Phallobrycon and in the other three characid genera (see Benine & Lopes, 2008) is different, suggesting independent origins. Until a more complete phylogenetic analysis is undertaken, we consider that the presence of enlarged anal-fin spines in Phallobrycon and other characid genera is homoplastic because none of the latter share the features in common between Phallobrycon and Clade A characids. The enlarged anal-fin spines are associated with a mass of white tissue initially identified in H. diancistrus as mucous tissue by Weitzman (1977), and simply as “thick tissue” in H. otrynus by Benine & Lopes (2008). The mass of tissue associated with the enlarged anal-fin spines in Hyphessobrycon diancistrus was later reexamined to reveal the presence of abundant club cells similar to those present in Bryconadenos tanaothoros, in which the cells are arranged into an organ (Weitzman et al., 2005, fig. 21). In a recently discovered and undescribed species of Bryconadenos, the organ is even more developed and elaborate (Menezes et al., 2009). In Phallobrycon, club cells are also found in the epidermis on the anterior part of the anal fin, not at the surface as proposed by Weitzman et al. (2005), but below a surface layer of mucus cells (Fig. 8). This raises questions about the concentration of glandular tissue in special areas of the characid species indicated by Weitzman et al. (2005: 335). The “thick tissue” of Hyphessobrycon otrynus is probably the result of the thickening of the epithelium caused exclusively by an increase in the layers of club cells. Before its discovery in Phallobrycon, an elongate urogenital papilla presumably used by sexually mature males to transfer sperm to the ovary of the females was only known and described as an intromittent organ in still undescribed inseminating species of Monotocheirodon, also member of clade A characids, by Burns & Weitzman (2006). In Lophiobrycon weitzmani, of the subfamily Glandulocaudinae, which is also inseminating and included in clade A characids, the urogenital papilla is present only in the females (Menezes & Weitzman, in press). In non clade A characids a urogenital papilla is also found in Kolpotocheirodon as figured, but not described, in Malabarba & Weitzman (2000: 273 and 274, figs. 2 and 3) and Malabarba, Lima & Weitzman (2004: 323, figs. 6 and 7). According to Flávio C. T. Lima (pers. comm.), the papilla in Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi is morphologically different from that of Phallobrycon and larger in females than in the males. Considering that Kolpotocheirodon is a member of the subfamily Cheirodontinae, its urogenital papilla most likely developed independently. Burns & Weitzman (2006) described the histology and anatomy of the intromittent organ present in four populations identified as belonging to Monotocheirodon, but not in any of the paratypes of M. pearsoni. They also indicate that the four populations of Monotocheirodon additionally have sperm with elongate nuclei (Burns & Weitzman, 2006: 530, fig. 1), in contrast with M. pearsoni that possess spherical nuclei (aquasperm). Based on this information one might question the inclusion of these populations in Monotocheirodon, but if they turn out to be congeneric it might be concluded that the urogenital papilla has evolved in a subset of the genus not including all its representatives. Apart from the developed urogenital papilla, Phallobrycon and Monotocheirodon share no other exclusive character among clade A characids, and the dentition is quite different in the two genera. Examination of a paratype of Monotocheirodon pearsoni (CAS 59792, 29.4 mm SL) by one of us (NAM) revealed the presence of only one row of four mostly pentacuspid premaxillary teeth, seven hexa- to heptacuspid maxillary teeth, and eight mostly pentacuspid dentary teeth gradually decreasing in size. In Phallobrycon, on the other hand, there are two rows of four premaxillary teeth, two maxillary teeth with five to six cusps, and a dentary with four anterior pentacuspid and large teeth, followed by two to five smaller tetra or tricuspid teeth. Additionally the two conspicuously enlarged scales on the caudal-fin base typical of M. pearsoni, another putative synapomorphy of Monotocheirodon, is not present in Phallobrycon. Thus the presence of a urogenital papilla in both genera can also be hypothesized as homoplastic.Published as part of Menezes, Naércio A., Ferreira, Katiane M. & Netto-Ferreira, André Luiz, 2009, A new genus and species of inseminating characid fish from the rio Xingu basin (Characiformes: Characidae), pp. 47-58 in Zootaxa 2167 on pages 48-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27506
Rhinopetitia oligolepis Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019, new species
No full textRhinopetitia oligolepis, new species Figs. 14–17, Table 3 Holotype. MZUSP 124120, female 27.0 mm SL: Brazil, Pará, Novo Progresso, Rio Jamanxim, Rio Tapajós basin, 07°43’51”S, 55°16’36”W, J. Birindelli, L. Sousa, A. L. Netto-Ferreira, M. Sabaj, N. Lujan, 23 October 2007. Paratypes. All from Brazil: INPA 59018, 3 (all 22.0 mm SL), MNRJ 51534, 3 (30.0-33.0 mm SL), MPEG 38602, 3 (23.0–25.0 mm SL), MZUSP 97306, 15 (21.0–25.0 mm SL, 5 C&S, 23.0–25.0 mm SL), UFRGS 27591, 3 (22.0–24.0 mm SL), collected with the holotype; MZUSP 124119, 1 female, 36.0 mm SL, Mato Grosso, Rio Xingu basin, Gaúcha do Norte, Rio Curisevo, 13°12’58”S, 53°29’53”W. C. Moreira, I. Landim, A. Datovo & Oliveira, 19 October 2004. Diagnosis. Rhinopetitia oligolepis can be differentiated from its congeners by having 4 versus 5 longitudinal scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line. It has the body as deep as in Rhinopetitia nigrofasciata (body depth 19.2–24% of SL, and 20.0–24.8 of SL, Fig. 4, Tables 4 and 5), but lower than in R. myersi (26.3–31.1% of SL, Table 1, R. paucirastra 27.0–31.8% of SL, Table 2) and R. melanohumeralis (25.0–30.4% of SL, Table 5). Description. Morphometrics of holotype and paratypes in Table 3. Body small (largest examined specimen 36.0 mm SL). Head and body elongate and laterally compressed; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Profile distinctly convex from upper jaw to posterior nostril, slightly convex from latter point to dorsal-fin origin, straight along dorsal-fin base, nearly straight to slightly concave from latter point to adipose-fin origin, and concave from latter point to anteriormost dorsal procurrent ray. Ventral body profile convex from tip of lower jaw to isthmus, nearly straight from that point to vertical through pectoral-fin origin, convex from latter point to pelvic-fin origin, and straight from that point to anal-fin origin. Ventral profile along anal-fin base straight and concave on caudal peduncle. Mouth sub-terminal to nearly inferior; lower jaw short, included in upper jaw when mouth closed. Posterior tip of maxilla reaching vertical through anterior border of pupil. Outer premaxillary tooth row with 4 (4), 5 (19*), or 6 (6) teeth, each with five cuspidate teeth (5), inner row with 4 (29) five (5) cuspidate teeth (Fig. 15). Maxillary (Fig. 15) with 2 (21), or 3 (8) teeth, anterior larger teeth with five cusps (5), smaller posterior teeth with 3 cusps (5). Dentary (Fig. 15) with 4 (29), anterior large five cuspidate teeth (5), followed by 2 (1), 3 (10), or 4 (18), smaller five cuspidate teeth (5) gradually decreasing in size posteriorly. First gill arch with external and internal rows of gill rakers; external row with, 13 (7), 14 (10), 15 (9*) 16 (2), or 17 (1) gill rakers. Branchiostegal rays 4 (5); 3 originating on anterior and 1 on posterior ceratohyal. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete; perforated scales 33 (1), 34 (6), 35 (15*), or 36 (3). Predorsal scales 11 (15), 12 (13*), or 14 (1). Scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 4 (29); rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin (3); circumpeduncular scales 11 (6), 12 (16), or 13 (3*)13. Single series of scales with sinuous posterior borders forming sheath along base extending to about 12 th anal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10 (1), 11 (5), 12 (19*), or 13 (4). Distal tip of longest pectoral-fin ray not reaching pelvicfin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (29), tip of fin falling short of anal-fin origin. Supraneurals 5 (1) or 6 (4) rod shaped, or with discrete enlargement of dorsal portion; last supraneural located anterior to neural spines of 9 th (2) or 10 th (3) vertebral centra. Dorsal-fin rays ii,7,i (29). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spines of 11 th (3) and 12 th (2) centra. Distal margin of extended dorsal fin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal-fin origin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Base of last dorsal-fin ray situated slightly anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iv–v, 12 (2), 13 (3), 14 (3), 15 (6), (4), or 17 (1), posterior most ray adnate. Anal fin with short, inconspicuous, anterior lobe including last unbranched ray plus first 5–6 branched rays. Distal margin of anal fin concave. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal arch of centrum 17 th (5). Adipose fin present. Principal caudal-fin rays 10/9 (67). Dorsal and ventral procurrent rays 11(1), or 12 (4) and 11(3), or 12(2) respectively. Vertebrae 34 (1), and 35 (4). Color in alcohol. Ground color pale to yellowish brown. Small dark chromatophores around mouth extends laterally to tip of maxilla and snout and up toward top of head except for a light area from tip of snout to fontanel; top of head behind light area dark with large concentration of small dark chromatophores; slightly larger chromatophores on upper portion of opercle and fourth, fifth and sixth infraorbital bones and upper and median portions of opercle; lower part of opercle with scattered dark chromatophores. Small dark chromatophores all over upper part of body above lateral line and scattered on lower part of body below lateral line. Mid-dorsal and adjacent longitudinal scale rows densely pigmented with small dark chromatophores distributed over whole scales, but leaving an unpigmented area near the border of each scale. Mid-line of predorsal scales with larger chromatophores. A dark mid-lateral stripe in freshly preserved specimens from about behind upper portion of opercle to caudal base extending through anterior part of median caudal-fin rays. All fins hyaline with scattered dark chromatophores on dorsal, caudal, and anal fins and very few on pectorals, and pelvic fins. Sexual dimorphism. Mature males (Fig. 16) with bilateral hooks on largest unbranched through fifth branched anal-fin rays. Pelvic fins of sexually mature males with hooks on all branched and last unbranched ray (Fig. 17). Hooks absent on fins of mature females. Etymology. The specific epithet oligolepis is from the Greek words “oligo” meaning few and “lepis” meaning scale in reference to the fewer number of longitudinal scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line in this species. Distribution. This species is known from small tributaries flowing into the Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu basins, Brazil (Fig. 9).Published as part of Menezes, Naércio A. & Netto-Ferreira, Andre L., 2019, A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry, pp. 59-86 in Zootaxa 4700 (1) on pages 72-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/354529
Rhinopetitia nigrofasciata Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019, new species
No full textRhinopetitia nigrofasciata, new species Figs. 18–21, Table 4 Rhinopetitia cf. myersi, Not Géry, 1964.— Netto-Ferreira et al., 2014 [in part MZUSP 111886; 111901. Comparative material used in the description of R. potamorhachia]. Knodus hereresthes (not Eigenmann, 1908) – Thomaz et al., 2015 [in part, MNRJ 34678; multilocus phylogeny of the Stevardiinae] Holotype. MZUSP 124121, female 33.0 mm SL: Brazil, Pará, Altamira, stream on the right bank of Rio Xingu below rapids of Naninduba, 03°06’49”S, 51°37’47”W, O. Oyakawa, J. Birindelli, C. Moreira, A. Akama, L. Sousa & H. Varella, 14 November 2011. Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará. MZUSP 111901, 48 (29.0–35.0 mm SL) collected with holotype. INPA 59919, 5 (27.0–31.5 mm SL), MNRJ 51535, 5 (30.0–32.0 mm SL), MPEG 38603, 5 (29.5–33.5 mm SL), MZUSP 111886, 60 (25.0–40.0 mm SL, 5 C&S 33.0–40.0 mm SL), UFRGS 27592, 5, (28.0–35.0 mm SL), Altamira, Pajé beach and mouth of stream Panela, Rio Xingu basin, 03°14’12”S, 52°13’21”W, O. Oyakawa, J. Birindelli, C. Moreira, A. Akama, L. Sousa & H. Varella, 14 November 2011; MZUSP 93241, 2 (23.0–29.0 mm SL), Itaituba on the left bank of Rio Tapajós, 04°16’14”S, 55°58’34”W, L. M. Sousa & J. Birindelli, 07 November 2006. MZUSP 23691, 28 (17.0–25.0 mm SL), Barreirinha, Rio Tapajós, approximately 4°57’S, 57°01”W, Expedição Permanente à Amazônia, 23 November 1970. MZUSP 93184, 8 (16.0–31.0 mm SL), Itaituba, Rio Tapajós between Itaituba and rapids of Pimental, 04°21’34”S, 56°10’03”W, L.M. Sousa & J. Birindelli. MZUSP 93240, 9 (SL 24.0–28.0 mm), Pimental, right bank of Rio Tapajós, 04°34’S, 56°15’39”W, L.M. Sousa & J.L. Birindelli, 11 November 2006. MZUSP 25554, 30 (22.0–35.0 mm SL), Pimental, right bank of Rio Tapajós upstream the headquarters of the Parque Nacional, 4°36’00”S, 56°16’00”W, J.C. Oliveira, 5 January 1979. Diagnosis. Rhinopetitia nigrofasciata differs from most congeners (except and R. oligolepis and R. potamorhachia) by the lower body depth (19.1–24.8 % of SL, Fig. 4, table 4; vs. 25.0–31.1% of SL, in R. myersi, R. paucirastra and R. melanohumeralis —tables 1, 2, and 5, respectively). The new species can be further distinguished from R. myersi by the presence of more lateral line scales and more circumpeduncular scales (35–39 and 13–14 vs. 32–34, and 12 respectively), from R. paucirastra by the higher number of gill rakers on the first branchial arch (13–19 vs. 8–12), and from R. melanohumeralis by the presence of a well-marked longitudinal stripe extending throughout the body, the inconspicuous humeral blotch and the lack of a reticulate pattern on the flanks (vs. longitudinal stripe diffuse, visible only posterior to dorsal-fin origin). The new species is distinguished from R. oligolepis by the presence of 5 longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line (5 vs. 4), and from R. potamorhachia by the lower number of teeth cusps on both jaws (3–5 vs. 7–9). Description. Morphometrics of holotype and paratypes in Table 4. Body small (largest examined specimen 41.0 mm SL). Head and body elongate and laterally compressed; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Profile distinctly convex from upper jaw to posterior nostril, slightly convex from latter point to dorsal-fin origin, straight along dorsal-fin base, nearly straight to slightly concave from latter point to adipose-fin origin, and concave from latter point to anteriormost dorsal procurrent ray. Ventral body profile convex from tip of lower jaw to isthmus, nearly straight from that point to vertical through pectoral-fin origin, convex from latter point to pelvic-fin origin, and straight from that point to anal-fin origin. Ventral profile along anal-fin base straight and concave on caudal peduncle. Mouth sub-terminal to nearly inferior; lower jaw short, included in upper jaw when mouth closed. Posterior tip of maxilla reaching slightly beyond vertical through anterior border of pupil. Outer premaxillary tooth row with 4 (8), 5 (88), 6 (110*), 7 (9) teeth, each with three (1), four (2), or 5 (3) cuspidate teeth, inner row with 4 (215) five (5) cuspidate teeth (Fig. 19). Maxillary (Fig. 19) with 1 (6), 2 (170*), 3 (34), or 4 (5) teeth, anterior larger teeth with five (3) or six (2) cusps, smaller posterior teeth with 3 cusps (5). Dentary (Fig. 19) with 4 (215), anterior large five cuspidate teeth (5), followed by 2 (2) or 3 (3), smaller five cuspidate teeth, gradually decreasing in size posteriorly. First gill arch with external and internal rows of gill rakers; external row with, 13 (2), 14 (22), 15 (63), 16 (62*), 17 (42), 18 (12), or 19 (2) gill rakers. Branchiostegal rays 4 (5); 3 originating on anterior and 1 on posterior ceratohyal. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete; perforated scales 35 (23), 36 (70), 37 (95*), 38 (23), or 39 (1). Predorsal scales 11 (48), 12 (157*), or 13 (9). Scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 5 (215); rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3 (56), or 4 (159*); circumpeduncular scales 13 (40), or 14 (170*). Single series of scales with sinuous posterior borders forming sheath along base extending to about 11 th anal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10 (6), 11 (94*), 12 (102), or 13 (6). Distal tip of longest pectoral-fin ray not reaching pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (213), or i, 7, (2), tip of fin falling short of anal-fin origin. Supraneurals 4 (2), or 5 (3), rod shaped, or with discrete enlargement of dorsal portion; last supraneural located anterior to neural spines of 11 th (2) or 12 th (3) vertebral centra. Dorsal-fin rays ii,7,i, (215). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 11 th centrum (5). Distal margin of extended dorsal fin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal-fin origin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Base of last dorsal-fin ray situated slightly anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin.Anal-fin rays iv–v, 14 (13), 15 (71), 16 (74), 17 (41), 18 (15*), posteriormost ray adnate.Anal fin with short, inconspicuous, anterior lobe including last unbranched ray plus first 5–6 branched rays. Distal margin of anal fin concave. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal arch of centra 16 th (2) or 17 th (3). Adipose fin present. Principal caudal-fin rays 10/9, (215.) Dorsal and ventral procurrent rays 10 (1), 11 (1), or 12 (3), 10 (3) or 11 (2) respectively. Vertebrae 35 (2), or 36 (3). Color in alcohol. Ground color pale to yellowish brown. Small dark chromatophores around mouth extends up from tip of snout and back toward top of head until tip of supraoccipital spine and laterally on upper portion of opercle. Few scattered dark chromatophores on fourth, fifth and sixth infraorbital bones. Small dark chromatophores all over upper part of body above lateral line and scattered and smaller below lateral line above anal-fin base, fewer on anterior lower part of body. A conspicuous dark mid-lateral stripe in freshly preserved specimens sometimes obscured by guanine with a very conspicuous black line of chromatophores, inserted more deeply into musculature. Stripe crossing upper portion of faint dark vertically elongate humeral blotch occupying four longitudinal scale rows vertically becoming narrower downwards. Midlateral stripe becomes wider posteriorly extending to caudal-fin base All fins hyaline with scattered dark chromatophores on dorsal, caudal, and anal fins and very few on pectorals, and pelvic fins. Sexual dimorphism. Anal fin of sexually mature males (Fig. 20) with bilateral hooks on largest unbranched ray and first five branched rays. Pelvic fins of sexually mature males with hooks on all branched rays (Fig. 21). No hooks on fins of mature females. Etymology. The specific name nigrofasciata is from the Latin words “niger” meaning black, dark and “fascia” meaning band, is in reference to the dark midlateral stripe along the sides of the body of this species. Distribution. This species is so far known from small streams tributaries of the rivers Tapajós and Xingu, Pará, Brazil (Fig. 9).Published as part of Menezes, Naércio A. & Netto-Ferreira, Andre L., 2019, A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry, pp. 59-86 in Zootaxa 4700 (1) on pages 76-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/354529
Rhinopetitia paucirastra Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019, new species
No full textRhinopetitia paucirastra, new species Figs. 10–13, Table 2. Holotype. MZUSP 124118, female 32.0 mm SL, Brazil, Goiás, Minaçu, right bank tributary of Rio Tocantizinho, Serra da Mesa, 14°08’46”S, 48°02’52”W, March 2006, O.T. Oyakawa & K.C. Mautari. Paratypes. All from Brazil, Goiás. INPA 59017, 4 (28.0–30.0 mm SL), MNRJ 51533, 4 (30.0–33.0 mm SL), MPEG 38601, 4 (30.0–32.0 mm SL), MZUSP 95063, 44 (25.0–39.0 mm SL, 5 C&S, 29.0–39.0 mm SL), UFRGS 27590, 4 (30.0–33.0 mm SL), collected with the holotype; MZUSP 77477, 1 male (31.0 mm SL), upstream of ponte do Rubão, Serra da Mesa, about 13°50’S, 48°18’W, November 1996, D.F. Moraes, A. Akama & O.T. Oyakawa. Diagnosis. Rhinopetitia paucirastra can be distinguished from its congeners by having fewer gill rakers on the external part of first gill arch (8–12, vs 13–19) and the outer row premaxillary teeth with 3 cusps vs 4 to 5 (Figs. 3 and 11). Aditionally it has the body deeper than R.oligolepis and R. nigrofasciata (body depth 27.0–31.8 % of SL vs 19.2–24.0% of SL and 20.0–24.8 of SL respectively, Fig. 4, Tables 3–5). Description. Morphometrics of holotype and paratypes in Table 2. Body small (largest examined specimen 39.0 mm SL). Head and body elongate and laterally compressed; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Profile distinctly convex from upper jaw to posterior nostril, slightly convex from latter point to dorsal-fin origin, straight along dorsal-fin base, nearly straight to slightly concave from latter point to adipose-fin origin, and concave from latter point to anteriormost dorsal procurrent ray. Ventral body profile convex from tip of lower jaw to isthmus, nearly straight from that point to vertical through pectoral-fin origin, convex from latter point to pelvic-fin origin, and straight from that point to anal-fin origin. Ventral profile along anal-fin base straight and concave on caudal peduncle. Mouth sub-terminal to nearly inferior; lower jaw short, included in upper jaw when mouth closed. Posterior tip of maxilla reaching vertical through anterior border of pupil. Outer premaxillary tooth row with 4 (11), 5 (42*), or 6 (14) teeth, each with three cuspidate teeth, inner row with 4 (67) three to five (5) cuspidate teeth (Fig. 11). Maxillary (Fig. 11) with 2 (4), 3 (51*), 4 (11), or 5 (1) anterior larger teeth with five cusps (5), smaller posterior teeth with 3 to 4 cusps (5). Dentary (Fig. 11) with 4 (67*) anterior large five cuspidate (5), followed by 2 (2), 3 (13), 4 (36*), 5 (15) or 6 (1), 3 to 5 five cuspidate teeth (5), gradually decreasing in size posteriorly. First gill arch with external and internal rows of gill rakers; external row with 8 (2), 9 (16), 10 (22), 11 (16*), or 12 (10) gill rakers. Branchiostegal rays 4 (5), 3 originating on anterior and 1 on posterior ceratohyal. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete; perforated scales 33 (6), 34 (23), or 35 (28*). Predorsal scales 11 (30), 12 (33*), 13 (2), or 14 (2). Scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 5 (67); rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4 (67); circumpeduncular scales 12 (53*), or 13 (12). Single series of scales with sinuous posterior borders forming sheath along base of all anal-fin rays. Pectoral-fin rays i,10 (12), 11 (40*), 12 (15). Distal tip of longest pectoral-fin ray not reaching pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (67), tip of fin falling short of anal-fin origin. Supraneurals 5 (2), or 6 (3) rod shaped, or with discrete enlargement of dorsal portion; last supraneural located anterior to spines of 9 th (2) or 10 th (3) vertebral centra. Dorsal-fin rays ii,7, i, (67) First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spines of 11 th vertebral centra (5). Distal margin of extended dorsal fin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal-fin origin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Base of last dorsal-fin ray situated slightly anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iv–v,15 (11), 16 (36), 17 (18*), or 19 (1), posteriormost ray adnate. Anal fin with short, inconspicuous, anterior lobe including last unbranched ray plus first 6–7 branched rays. Distal margin of anal fin slightly concave. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal arch of centra 16 th (3), or 17 th (2). Adipose fin present. Principal caudal-fin rays 10/9, (67). Dorsal and ventral procurrent rays 9 (2), 10 (2), 11 (1), or 8 (1), 9(3) and 10(1) respectively. Vertebrae 34 (4), and 35 (1). Color in alcohol. Ground color pale to yellowish brown. Small dark chromatophores around mouth extends laterally to tip of maxilla and up toward top of head and back until the supraoccipital spine, less evident on top of fontanel; slightly larger dark chromatophores on upper portion of preopercle and fourth, five and sixth infraorbital bones and upper and median portions of opercle; lower part of opercle with scattered dark chromatophores. Small dark chromatophores all over upper part of body above lateral line scattered on lower part of body below lateral line. Mid-dorsal and adjacent longitudinal scale rows densely pigmented with small dark chromatophores distributed over whole scales, but leaving an unpigmented area near the border of each scale. Mid-line of predorsal scales with larger chromatophores. An inconspicuous dark mid-lateral stripe in freshly preserved specimens from about vertical line through dorsal-fin origin to caudal base somewhat enlarged over caudal peduncle. A vertically elongate dark humeral blotch occupying 5 longitudinal scale rows vertically and becoming narrower downward. All fins hyaline with scattered dark chromatophores on dorsal, caudal, and anal fins and very few on pectorals, and pelvic fins. Sexual dimorphism. Anal fin of sexually mature males (Fig. 12) with bilateral hooks on fourth largest unbranched ray and first four branched rays. Pelvic fins of sexually mature males with hooks on third to fifth branched rays (Fig. 13). Etymology. The species name paucirastra is from the Latin paucus, meaning few, rastrum meaning raker in allusion to the reduced number of gill rakers on the anterior external portion of first gill arch in comparison with the other species of the genus. Distribution. This species is known from small tributaries draining into Rio Tocantins many of which disappeared during the construction of the Serra da Mesa dam in the upper Rio Tocantins, Goiás, Brazil (Fig. 9).Published as part of Menezes, Naércio A. & Netto-Ferreira, Andre L., 2019, A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry, pp. 59-86 in Zootaxa 4700 (1) on pages 68-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/354529
FIGURE 15. Rhinopetitia oligolepis, MZUSP 97063, 25.0 in A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry
No full textFIGURE 15. Rhinopetitia oligolepis, MZUSP 97063, 25.0 mm SL C&S, jaws and dentition, lateral view, left side, anterior at left.Published as part of Menezes, Naércio A. & Netto-Ferreira, Andre L., 2019, A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry, pp. 59-86 in Zootaxa 4700 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/354529
Guilherme Gaelzer Netto (1874-1959): o Kaiser dos trópicos
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2015.Esta pesquisa analisa a trajetória biográfica de Guilherme Gaelzer Netto (1874-1959), que foi membro do Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense (PRR), intendente municipal de São Leopoldo (1902-1916) e diretor do Escritório de Propaganda e Expansão Comercial Brasil-Alemanha (1936-1959). A administração de Gaelzer Neto marcou profundamente a região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Após abandonar a vida política, Gaelzer Netto dirigiu-se ao Rio de Janeiro, onde ocupou diversos cargos junto ao governo federal e se dedicou às relações internacionais. Elemento destacado junto às elites do grupo étnico alemão, Gaelzer Netto transitou com desenvoltura junto aos círculos do poder nacional e internacional. Políticos, empresários, intelectuais, comerciantes, fizeram parte de sua rede de sociabilidade. Seus contatos pessoais o projetaram internacionalmente levando-o à Europa, em especial à Alemanha, onde estimulou as relações políticas, sociais, econômicas e culturais Brasil-Alemanha. Gaelzer Netto destacou-se no recrutamento de imigrantes alemães e na propaganda de produtos brasileiros durante a República de Weimar, a Alemanha Nazista e o pós-guerra. Além disso, ajudou a construir a imagem do Brasil no exterior. A biografia de Gaelzer Netto analisa os vínculos que as elites imigrantistas no Brasil mantinham com a Alemanha, discute as estratégias utilizadas por Gaelzer Netto para se projetar em nível local, regional, nacional e internacional. A pesquisa explora diversas fontes documentais inéditas disponíveis em arquivos nacionais e no exterior, em especial, nos arquivos do Ministério das Relações Exteriores da Alemanha e do Instituto Ibero-Americano em Berlim. Nesta biografia discutimos a intrigante trajetória deste descendente de imigrantes alemães que se destacou em meio aos diversos segmentos políticos, sociais, econômicos e culturais das sociedades brasileira e alemã para, desta forma, defender os interesses do governo brasileiro e alemão, do grupo étnico alemão e seus interesses privados. Na análise das fontes documentais burocráticas, diplomáticas e pessoais procuramos identificar suas estratégias de atuação, compreender sua identidade de homem público, descrever sua rede de sociabilidade e entender os exercícios de adequação necessários aos diferentes contextos nos quais viveu. A biografia de Gaelzer Netto nos fornece uma visão das relações diplomáticas Brasil-Alemanha, sobretudo no diálogo que mantinha com as autoridades públicas alemãs e brasileiras, bem como nos fornece diferentes perspectivas e interpretações acerca das relações Brasil-Alemanha na primeira metade do séc. XX.Abstract : This research analyzes the life histories of William Gaelzer Netto (1874-1959), who was a member of the Rio Grande-Republican Party (PRR), municipal mayor of São Leopoldo (1902-1916) and director of the Department of Propaganda and Commercial Expansion Brazil-Germany (1936-1959). The Gaelzer Neto administration deeply marked the region of Vale do Rio dos Sinos. After abandoning political life, Gaelzer Netto went to Rio de Janeiro, held several positions with the federal government and devoted himself to international relations. A prominent element with the elite of the German ethnic group, Gaelzer Netto moved with easy from the circles of national and international power. Politicians, businessmen, intellectuals, merchants, were part of his network of sociability. His personal relations provided him international projection, taking him to Europe, especially to Germany, where he stimulated the political, social, economic and cultural Brazil-Germany interchange. Gaelzer Netto stood out in the recruitment of German immigrants and advertising of Brazilian products during the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany and the post-war. In addition, he helped build the image of Brazil abroad. The biography of Gaelzer Netto analyzes the links that immigrant elites in Brazil had with Germany, discusses the strategies used by Gaelzer Netto to project himself at local, regional, national and international levels. The research explores several unpublished documentary sources available in the National Archives and abroad, especially in the German Ministry of files of Foreign Affairs and the Ibero-American Institute in Berlin. In this biography we discuss the intriguing history of this descendant of German immigrants who stood out among the various political groups, social, economic and cultural rights of Brazilian and German companies to thus defend the interests of the Brazilian and German government, the German ethnic group and their private interests. In the analysis of bureaucratic, diplomatic and personal documentary sources we seek to identify his action strategies, understand his identity as a public man, describe his sociability network and understand the adequacy of exercise necessary for the different contexts in which he lived. The biography of Gaelzer Netto provides us with a vision of diplomatic relations Brazil-Germany, especially in the dialogue he had with the German and Brazilian public authorities and provides us with different perspectives and interpretations of the Brazil-Germany relations in the first half of the XX century
Holdemar Menezes: marcas de um tempo
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Literatura Brasileira e Teoria LiteráriaEsta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo central as marcas deixadas por Holdemar Menezes nos seus escritos, mais especificamente, no romance A maçã triangular. O estudo apresenta-se dividido em três sequências: uma escritura da vida do autor segundo as marcas encontradas em seus contos, romances, crônicas e entrevistas; a segunda sequência os aspectos ideológicos e de estruturação do romance. A maçã triangular; a última são marcas deixadas por críticos, amigos e jornalistas em relação à obra em paut
Cynopotamus xinguano Menezes, 2007, new species
No full textCynopotamus xinguano, new species Figure 1 Holotype. MZUSP 94009 (100 mm SL), rio Culuene, 13°49’S/53°15’W, Paranatinga, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, 21.viii.2006, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Souza & A. Akama. Paratypes. Brazil, State of Mato Grosso, MZUSP 91931 (7 specimens, 87.20-132.0 mm SL), taken with holotype; MZUSP 91860 (3 specimens, 128-135 mm SL), Paranatinga, stream at Fazenda do Lúcio, tributary if rio Culuene, 13°50’S/53°14’W, same collectors as MZUSP 94009, 21.viii.2006; MZUSP 89702 (2 specimens, 100 and 111.50 mm SL), Paranatinga, rio Culuene, 13°49’S/53°15’W, A. Akama & J.L. Birindelli, 15.i.2006; MZUSP 63436 (14 specimens, 121-160 mm SL), Paranatinga, rio Culuene, Fazenda Columbia, 14°34’S/53°41’W, FA. Machado & R.D.O. Calegari, xi.1997; MZUSP 89906 (10 specimens, 87.5-155 mm SL), Gaúcha do Norte, rio Culuene, 13°30’S/53°05’W, O. Oyakawa, J.L.Birindelli & C. Nolasco, 19.X.2004; MZUSP 90922 (12 specimens, 76-172 mm SL), Gaúcha do Norte, rio Batovi (Tamitaoala), Fazenda Dois Netos, 13°14’S/54°01’W, same collectors as MZUSP 89906, 21.X.2004; MZUSP 90920 (3 specimens, 94.5- 180 mm SL. Canarana, ribeirão Água Limpa, tributary of rio 7 de Setembro, 10 km south of Canarana, 13°28’S/52°14’W, same collectors as MZUSP 89906. ANSP 187125 (2 specimens, 140 and 155 mm SL), Canarana, córrego Galheiro, tributary of rio Água Limpa, about 10 km south of Canarana, 13°39’S/52°16’W, O. Oyakawa, J.L. Birindelli & Oliveira, 17x.2004; MZUSP 31749 (1 specimen, 115.5 mm SL), rio Xingu at meeting of rivers Culuene and Sete de Setembro, M. Goulding, 23.vhi.1984. State of Pará: MZUSP 35959 (2 specimens, 93and 124.5 mm SL), rio Fresco, Aldeia Goutine, São Felix do Xingu, Miguel Petrere, viii.1983. Diagnosis. Cynopotamus xinguano belongs to the group of species characterized by ii, 9 dorsal-fin rays [versus ii, 10 in C. argenteus (Valenciennes)] and 91-125 perforated lateral-line scales (versus 85-90 in C. juruenae Menezes) (Menezes, 1976, 1987). It is most similar to C. essequibensis, in number of horizontal rows of scales below lateral line ranging from 17-21, but differs by having more developed gill-rakers on first branchial arch (10-11 versus 8-9 in C. essequibensis), and the black humeral blotch wider (compare Tables 1 and 2). In C. xinguano the first pleural rib and the opening anterior to it are entirely covered by fibers of the obliquus superioris muscle, but the second pleural rib and the obliquus inferioris muscle are visible. In C. essequibensis the first pleural rib and opening anterior to it are visible and the second pleural rib and the obliquus inferioris muscle are totally covered by fibers of the obliquus superioris muscle (compare Figures 2A and 2B). Description. Morphometric data of holotype and additional specimens summarized in Table 1. Meristic and morphometric data based on all lots examined since no statistical differences were found among populations studied from different localities. Body comparatively large (SL = 84-180 mm SL) and anteriorly deep. Dorsal body profile concave at nape, rising sharply in supraoccipital region, strongly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin, nearly straight along dorsal-fin base, and very slightly convex from dorsal-fin termination to caudal peduncle. Ventral body profile continuously convex from tip of lower jaw to anal-fin origin, straight or nearly so and dorsally inclined along anal-fin base, slightly concave from anal-fin termination to origin of procurrent caudal-fin rays. Snout conical, shorter than orbital diameter. Lower jaw included in upper jaw when mouth is entirely closed. Maxilla extending slightly beyond vertical crossing posterior border of orbit. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9. Posteriormost ray branched. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin unbranched rays iv-v (iv), usually iv, branched rays 39-45 (43), 41.4, posteriormost ray split to its base and counted as 1. Weakly developed anterior anal-fin lobe including anterior unbranched rays and first 7-9 branched rays. Anal fin of sexually mature males with bilateral hooks on posteriormost unbranched and posterior part of anterior 12-35 branched rays, the number of hooks per ray ranging from 1 to 20. Pectoral-fin rays i, 14-16 (i,14), i,15. Posterior tips of longest pectoral-fin rays reaching beyond pelvic fin origin but not middle of fin. Pelvic-fin rays i,7. No hooks on pelvic-fin rays of sexually mature males. Distal tips of longest pelvic-fin rays not reaching or reaching just slightly beyond anal-fin origin in some specimens. Principal caudal-fin ray count 10/9 in all specimens. Lateral line complete, perforated scales 91-98 (97), 95. Scale rows above lateral line 20-22 (21), 21.4. Scale rows below lateral line 18-20 (20), 19.2. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 27-30 (29), 28.3. Premaxilla with two rows of teeth: outer row with one anterior canine followed by a series of small conical teeth and one posterior canine; inner row with two conical teeth smaller than anterior canines but slightly longer than conical teeth of outer row. Anterior canine exposed outside anterior border of lower jaw when mouth closed. Outer row small conical teeth 6-8 (7), 7.4. Maxillary teeth 46-63 (52) 54, highly variable in number but no evidence of increase in number with increase in standard length. Dentary with one row of conical teeth of which four anteriormost spaced, third large canine, first and fourth canines about same size and second small conical tooth; these followed by posterior row of close-set smaller conical teeth with no clear evidence of increase in number with increase in standard length. One small conical tooth anterior and slightly internal to first canine. Posterior dentary teeth 24-35 (29), 26.4. Vertebrae 40-42 (41), 41. Total number of gill- rakers on first branchial arch 10-11 (10), 10.1 Muscular hiatus of pseudotympanum (Figure 2B) dorsally limited by lateralis superficialis muscle, posteriorly by exposed portion of second pleural rib, anteroventrally by large portion of obliquus superioris and posteroventrally by small portion of obliquus inferioris; first pleural rib not exposed. Color in alcohol. Body pale yellow, slightly darker dorsally than ventrally due to presence of dark chromatophores especially along free border of dorsal scales. Snout and upper part of head darker than remaining dorsal surface of body. Premaxilla, anterior part of maxilla and antero-superior part of lower jaw densely pigmented with dark chromatophores. Humeral black blotch slightly elongate vertically, lower portion broader than upper in some specimens, anterior and posterior margins irregularly shaped. Lateral dark body stripe extending from behind upper part of opercle to caudal peduncle where fused to rounded black blotch of caudal base. Lateral body stripe narrower anteriorly and posteriorly, sometimes entirely obscured by guanine. Pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, caudal and adipose fins pale, with scattered dark chromatophores. Distribution. Cynopotamus xinguano is so far known only from tributaries of the rio Xingu basin (Figure 3). Etymology. This species is named after the Xinguano an Amerindian tribe living in Parque Indígena do Xingu, a national park in the rio Xingu basin. A noun in apposition.Published as part of Naércio A. Menezes, 2007, A new species of Cynopotamus Valenciennes, 1849 (Characiformes, Characidae) with a key to the species of the genus., pp. 55-61 in Zootaxa 1635 on pages 56-6
Correction of progressive collapsing foot deformity classes after isolated arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis
No full textIntroduction: Subtalar osteoarthritis in the context of flatfoot (recently renamed Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (PCFD)) may be treated through subtalar joint (SJ) arthrodesis with anticipated consequences on three-dimensional bony configuration. This study investigates the correction of PCFD-related deformities achieved after Anterolateral Arthroscopic Subtalar Arthrodesis (ALAPSTA). Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated pre- and post-operative (at 6 months) weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT) images of patients diagnosed with PCFD with a degenerated SJ (2 A according to PCFD classification) and/or peritalar subluxation (2D) with or without associated flexible midfoot and/or forefoot deformities (1B, 1 C and 1E) which underwent ALAPSTA as a standalone procedure between 2017 and 2020. Multiple measurements were used to assess and compare pre and post-operative PCFD classes. Results: Thirtythree PCFD (33 patients, median age 62) were included in the study. Preoperative medial facet subluxation was 28.3 % (IQR, 15.1 to 49.3 %). Overall PCFD 3D deformity improved with a reduction of the foot and ankle offset from 9.3 points (IQR, 7.8 to 12) to 4 (IQR, 0.9 to 7) (p < 0.001). Class A-hindfoot valgus (median tibiocalcaneal angle and median calcaneal moment arm improved by 9.4 degrees (p < 0.001) and 11 mm (p < 0.001), respectively), class B-midfoot abduction (median talonavicular coverage angle improved by 20.5 degrees, p < 0.001) and class C-forefoot varus (median sagittal talo-first metatarsal angle improved by 10.2 degrees (p < 0.001)) were significantly corrected after surgery. Class D was difficult to assess due to the fusion procedure. No patient had a pre-operative valgus deformity at the ankle (no class E), and no significant change of the talar tilt was observed (p = 0.12). Conclusion: In this series, ALAPSTA performed as a standalone procedure to treat patients diagnosed with PCFD with a degenerated subtalar joint and/or peritalar subluxation was effective not only at correcting hindfoot alignment but also flexible midfoot abduction and flexible forefoot varus. Level of evidence: Level IV, case serie
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