1,721,026 research outputs found
The Engagement of Small European Municipalities in Achieving the Climate Neutrality
No full textOver the past two decades, European municipalities have been including in their local strategies energy and climate consideration, thereby developing actions plans with a growing focus on both mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This paradigmatic change has been supported by the EU policy framework on energy, climate and environment, currently enshrined in the European Green Deal, and by the new Leipzig Charter on sustainable cities, which have set the “green” transition as a reference for implementing interventions aimed at reducing carbon emissions. In the challenge of climate change adaptation and mitigation, major European cities have behaved as frontrunner to meet ambitious climate targets by designing and implementing a well-developed set of experiences and good practices. However, also small municipalities with a population of less than 10000 inhabitants have been playing a key role in the climate transition.
This is evident from the high participation of small municipalities in the Covenant of Mayors initiative in Europe (CoM), covering the 63% of the whole CoM signatories. The CoM initiative is supporting local authorities in taking local action against climate change through a bottom-up voluntary approach. CoM signatories commit to develop a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) to meet their energy and climate targets. By analyzing the SECAPs of a sample of small municipalities with most ambitious 2030 targets in the EU, this paper aims to explore how these signatories intend to achieve their objectives thereby building upon their actions to identify urban planning trends and options
Are European cities achieving emission reduction commitments? A comparative analysis under the Covenant of Mayors initiative
Full text linkCities are widely recognized as responsible for Greenhouse Gas emissions while being affected by climate change. The potential of cities in contributing to the climate challenge has been clearly recognized and supported within Europe by the Covenant of Mayors initiative. Climate strategies at the local level are site-specific and suit local communities and territories’ needs and peculiarities. In addition, several drivers can influence the impacts of CC mitigation policies at the urban scale. This paper follows the pathway set by former studies with the aim to understand potential factors positively or negatively influencing the results of planned measures by CoM signatories in their SEAPs by mainly focusing on policy instruments and sectors, in addition to other previously explored characteristics. To this aim, this study provides a regression analysis based on data regarding Baseline Emission Inventories and Monitoring Emission Inventories from a sample of CoM signatories as of August 2019
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The European Commission and the Covenant of Mayors within and beyond the EU
No full textAbout 80% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions is associated with urban activity. Therefore, local authorities can play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change. The Covenant of Mayors was launched by the European Commission after the adoption, in 2008, of the EU Climate and Energy Package with the aim to endorse and support the efforts deployed by local authorities in the implementation of sustainable energy policies. The Covenant of Mayors constitutes the only movement of its kind mobilising local and regional actors around the fulfilment of EU objectives. The political commitment undertaken by the signatories of the Covenant needs to be translated into concrete measures and projects based on a Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) and a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) outlining the key actions to be carried out. A successful implementation of a SEAP is linked to the allocation of sufficient financial and human resources and to an adequate mobilisation of citizens and stakeholders.
With their SEAPs, Covenant’s signatories not only focus on energy efficiency, but they also aim at creating new stable and qualified jobs, a more sustainable life, a more competitive economy and a stronger energy security. Today, four years after its launch, the Covenant of Mayors has more than 4300 signatories.JRC.F.7 - Renewable Energ
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