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Ghrelin, appetite, and gastric motility: the emerging role of the stomach as an endocrine organ
No full textRecent progress in the field of energy homeostasis was triggered by the discovery of adipocyte hormone leptin and revealed a complex regulatory neuroendocrine network. A late addition is the novel stomach hormone ghrelin, which is an endogenous agonist at the growth hormone secretagogne receptor and is the motilin-related family of regulatory peptides. In addition to its ability to stimulate GH secretion and gastric motility, ghrelin stimulates appetite and induces a positive energy balance leading to body weight gain. Leptin and ghrelin are complementary, yet antagonistic, signals reflecting acute and chronic changes in energy balance, the effects of which are mediated by hypothalamic neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide. Endocrine and vagal afferent pathways are involved in these actions of ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is a novel neuroendocrine signal possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities that illustrates the importance of the stomach in providing input into the brain. Defective ghrelin signaling from the stomach could contribute to abnormalities in energy balance, growth, and associated gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine functions.OInui, A., Asakawa, A., Bowers, C. Y., Mantovani, G., Laviano, A., Meguid, M. M., Fujimiya, M. Ghrelin, appetite, and gastric motility: the emerging role of the stomach as an endocrine organ. FASEB J. 18, 439–456 (2004
Diagnose and treat, but start nutritional/metabolic supportive therapy at the same time!
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The role of branched-chain amino acids and serotonin antagonists in the prevention and treatment of cancer cachexia.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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