1,720,974 research outputs found
Quand l’échange de savoirs se heurte à la reconnaissance
No full textLa littérature sur l’activité de conception de produits dans l’industrie manufacturière occidentale a beaucoup travaillé la question de la coopération et de la collaboration. Or l’enquête sur ces mêmes activités dans un pays africain conduit à remettre en question le présupposé d’une relative confiance préalable entre acteurs. Elle soulève la question des liens entre échange de savoirs, collaboration et reconnaissance. Le présent article propose de revisiter le concept de reconnaissance tel qu’il est discuté en sociologie des sciences et dans la philosophie sociale, puis de le mobiliser pour offrir une lecture de l’activité de conception d’équipements agricoles et agroalimentaires dans les pays en développement, le Burkina Faso. À travers une réflexion autour de la circulation des connaissances et des savoir-faire dans le monde de la conception des machines, cet article montre comment la confiance et la méfiance, le sentiment d’injustice et la suspicion, affectent la coopération, l’innovation et la circulation des savoirs.Literature on product design activity in the Western manufacturing industry has explored in depth the question of cooperation and collaboration. While such activity supposes a prior relationship of trust between stakeholders, investigations in an African country show that this is not necessarily the case. The primary issue arising in this part of the world is the link between knowledge exchange, collaboration and recognition. This article proposes to review the concept of recognition, as applied to sociology of the sciences and social philosophy, and then to explore the concept in relation to farming and food-processing equipment design in the developing country of Burkina Faso. By focusing thinking on the circulation of knowledge and know-how in the machine design world, the article shows the extent to which trust and mistrust, together with a sense of injustice and suspicion, affect cooperation, innovation and the spread of knowledge.La literatura sobre las actividades de diseño de productos en la industria manufacturera occidental ha trabajado mucho el tema de la cooperación y colaboración. Sin embargo, la investigación de estas actividades en un país africano conduce a cuestionar la presunción de confianza relativa a priori entre los actores. Se plantea la cuestión de los vínculos entre intercambio de saberes, colaboración y reconocimiento. Este articulo propone volver a mirar el concepto de reconocimiento como es discutido en la sociología de la ciencia y la filosofía social, después movilizarlo para ofrecer una lectura de la actividad de diseño de maquinaria agrícola y de agroalimentos en los países en desarrollo, como Burkina Faso. A través de la reflexión sobre la circulación del conocimiento y saber-hacer en el mundo del diseño de las máquinas, este artículo muestra cómo la confianza y la desconfianza, el sentido de la injusticia y la sospecha, afectan la cooperación, la innovación y la circulación de sabere
The social dynamics of collaboration, trust and recognition in the heart of food and agricultural equipments design process in West Africa : the case of Burkina Faso
No full textDans le milieu professionnel artisanal et semi-industriel, la conception des objets techniques dans et pour les pays en développement d'Afrique de l'Ouest et notamment au Burkina Faso constitue un enjeu majeur. Cependant dans leur grande majorité, les technologies introduites n'ont pas répondu aux attentes des populations cibles. De nombreux échecs jalonnent l'histoire récente de ces tentatives. La problématique de cette impasse technologique est le plus souvent posée par les concepteurs et les développeurs en termes d'élaboration d'une méthode spécifique de conception destinée à ces pays en développement. Cette thèse attire plutôt l'attention sur le fait que la conception d'artefacts techniques dans cette région du monde ne peut faire l'économie d'une réflexion critique sur les modalités de mise en œuvre des processus de conception. Il ne s'agit plus uniquement d'aider à la conception de systèmes techniques par l'élaboration d'une méthode adaptée de conception mais d'aller au-delà, dans la mesure du possible, pour étendre le champ de connaissance et analyser l'ensemble des acteurs des réseaux sociotechniques impliqués, pour in fine, aider à la conception d'un nouveau système technique qui prenne en compte, dès l'amont, des questions comme celles des conditions de la collaboration, de la construction de la confiance et de la reconnaissance des concepteurs.Within the handicraft and the semi-industrial environment, technical artifacts design in West African developing countries and particularly in Burkina Faso is a major challenge. However, the vast majority of technologies transferred have not met the target populations' expectations. For many failures mark the recent history of these attempts. This technological impasse is more often raised by designers and developers in terms of developing a specific design method for these developing countries. This thesis draws attention to the fact that technical artifacts design in this region cannot be done without a critical reflection on the design process implementation modalities. It is no longer only assisting the technical systems design by developing a suitable design method, but going beyond, as possible as, to extend the knowledge scope and to analyze all of the actors linked to the socio-technical networks involved, in order finally, to help designing a new technical system taking into account, as soon as the upstream, issues such as collaboration conditions, trust building and designers' acknowledgment and recognition
Les dynamiques sociales de collaboration, de confiance et de reconnaissance au coeur du processus de conception d'agroéquipements en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas du Burkina Faso
Get PDFDans le milieu professionnel artisanal et semi-industriel, la conception des objets techniques dans et pour les pays en développement d'Afrique de l'Ouest et notamment au Burkina Faso constitue un enjeu majeur. Cependant dans leur grande majorité, les technologies introduites n'ont pas répondu aux attentes des populations cibles. De nombreux échecs jalonnent l'histoire récente de ces tentatives. La problématique de cette impasse technologique est le plus souvent posée par les concepteurs et les développeurs en termes d'élaboration d'une méthode spécifique de conception destinée à ces pays en développement. Cette thèse attire plutôt l'attention sur le fait que la conception d'artefacts techniques dans cette région du monde ne peut faire l'économie d'une réflexion critique sur les modalités de mise en oeuvre des processus de conception. Il ne s'agit plus uniquement d'aider à la conception de systèmes techniques par l'élaboration d'une méthode adaptée de conception mais d'aller au-delà, dans la mesure du possible, pour étendre le champ de connaissance et analyser l'ensemble des acteurs des réseaux sociotechniques impliqués, pour in fine, aider à la conception d'un nouveau système technique qui prenne en compte, dès l'amont, des questions comme celles des conditions de la collaboration, de la construction de la confiance et de la reconnaissance des concepteurs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
