1,721,192 research outputs found
HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORS, COMBINED PILL AND PROGESTOGEN ONLY PILL IN SPORT: STUDY OF THEIR USE
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine the use of hormone and metabolic modulators (SARMs), that have the same effects of androgenic anabolic drugs and the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) as estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. Examples of substances in this class include tamoxifen and clomiphene. In sport, this drugs are used by athletes as performance-enhancing drugs to stimulate anabolism, improve the strength and enhance muscle mass. These drugs are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency and have negative side effects but not more of anabolic agents as testosterone and steroids.
The WADA list comprises a total of 10 different classes of banned substances (S0– S9), three different groups of prohibited methods (M1–M3), and two classes of drugs (P1 and P2). The latter are banned from selected sports only. We have analysed the doping’s spread in Italy about S4 classes of substances since 2005. The data come from the databases of government and sports Italians institutions. The data show, in the last years, an moderate increase of utilize of this classes of drugs as performance-enhancing drug
Health and Condition Monitoring Tool for Real-Time and on-Board Diagnosis of PEM Fuel Cell in Heavy Duty Vehicles
Full text linkThe deployment of PEM fuel cell systems is becoming an increasingly pivotal aspect of the electrification of the transport sector, particularly in the context of heavy-duty vehicles. One of the principal constraints to market penetration is durability of the fuel cell which hardly meets the expected targets set by the vehicle manufacturers and regulatory bodies. Over the years, researchers and companies have faced the challenge of developing reliable diagnostic and condition monitoring tools to prevent early degradation and efficiency losses of fuel cell stack. The diagnostic tools for fuel cell rely usually on model-based, data driven and hybrid approaches. Most of these are mainly developed for stationary and offline applications, with a lack of suitable methods for real-time and vehicle applications. The work presented is divided into two parts: the first part explores the main degradation conditions for a PEMFC and characteristics, advantages, and application limits of the main methodologies for fuel cell diagnostic, while in the second part the features and the development process of an innovative, real-time, and on-board health and condition monitoring system, based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are presented. The new innovative tool allows to detect, identify and isolate degradation, faults and non-optimal conditions. The computational performance and reliability of the diagnostic tool are tested and validated through experimental tests carried out in the laboratory on single cell and short fuel cell stack over a wide range of operating conditions and under specific sub-optimal/fault states such as drying, flooding and reactants starvation. The condition and health of PEMFC are estimated using specific health indicators for the most common root causes of faults such as drying, flooding, catalyst poisoning and anode/cathode starvation
Physical commitment and specific work for each role in an elite soccer team
No full textThe aim of this study is to detect the differences in physical commitment required for professional
footballers and if there are significant effects between the preseason period and season of the championship
(Second Division Italian); in order to, eventually there are not significant differences, to schedule specific work
sessions for work groups (distinguished by role). The following quantitative variables have been detected:
distance covered, energy cost, metabolic power, distance travelled in high acceleration and in high deceleration.
The team was divided by roles into 5 groups (n=5) and each group included four players. The activities of the
players were monitored using GPS technology with a sampling rate of 10 Hz and in relation to five different
game positions: (CD) Central Defenders, (FB) Full-Backs, (M) Midfielders, (AM) Advanced Midfielders and
(A) Attackers. It has been used the following descriptive statistic (average values, standard deviation, minimum
and maximum values) and checking the normality of distribution (KS test, skewness and kurtosis), and 2x5
ANOVA. The results obtained during season were compared with that acquired at the beginning of the year (preseason)
and significant effects there aren’t between the different groups
Surgical therapy of rectal prolapse: a review of different strategies in the light of our experience
No full textThe core curriculum in the university training of the teacher of physical education in Italy
Get PDFStructural, organizational and normative developments in the school setting in Italy, in the last fifty years,
suggest that teachers role should be considered throughout the social, cultural and scientific innovations that
lead these changes. Based on this theoretical proposition, the purpose of the present study was to identify
some key elements of Physical Education Teacher Training Core Curriculum in Italy. The study takes a
documental-based approach to the development of teaching skills and lists action supported by Italian
Ministry of Education in the last decades to foster adequate teacher training programs, with particular
reference to Physical Education teacher training in the low and high school, since the earlier courses in 18th
century till now. The results revealed that teacher training programs in Italy sometimes lacked of adequate
methods and significant contents, so it is very important to underline the value of a new approach in teacher
training that aim to ensure the acquisition of key competence, according to Recommendation of the European
Parliament and to create a cooperation between University and the Italian Olympic Committee. In conclusion,
a new approach in teacher training could foster a broad advance in specialization and professional
development of physical education teacher, adjusting our educational path to the European best practices
Sports and supplements: Educating to well-being through effective nutrition
No full textHealth promotion requires good nutrition and an adequate lifestyle, and together, they contribute to the "well-being" of people. Moreover, an adequate and varied diet ensures, under normal circumstances, all the micro/macro nutrients that the human body needs. In addition, there are numerous sources highlighting how an adequate diet before, during and after training and a match can improve performance. This means that it is important to properly select foods and drinks, as well as the right times for their consumption. Despite this, the evolution of lifestyles, as well as the proteins, the vegetarian and vegan diet, a culture of additivity and the pressure of sports stakeholders have led to a significant increase in the consumption of supplements, in the wrong belief that they can significantly improve their physical performance. Healthy nutrition does not need to be integrated, except in particular training conditions. Unfortunately, the incorrect use and abuse of the aforementioned substances represents a serious health and sports lawfulness problem. Nutrition therefore plays a role of fundamental importance in the daily life of an athlete, and certainly this role is reflected on psychological well-being and, above all on his/her sports performance. Therefore, the teacher plays an important role in the training of "physically" educated people, and in promoting a culture of health. This healthy lifestyle must be encouraged from an early age, strengthened and followed-up throughout the individual’s life path. Nutrition education is a strategy of choice
Farmaci del sistema cardiovascolare, del sangue e del rene: Farmaci dello scompenso cardiaco
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