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RESVERATROL-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY CONTRIBUTES TO THE INHIBITION OF EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS REPLICATION IN BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA CELLS
No full textRESVERATROL-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY CONTRIBUTES TO THE INHIBITION OF EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS REPLICATION IN BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA CELLS
De Leo Alessandra (a), Colavita Francesca (a), Arena Giuseppe (b), Mattia Elena (a)
(a) Dip. di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive “Sanarelli”, Univ. di Roma “Sapienza”
(b) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, CSS-Mendel Institute, Roma
Presenting author: De Leo Alessandra, [email protected]
We have previously examined the antiviral activity of resveratrol on the replication of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis and associated with several types of malignancies of epithelial and lymphoid origin.
In a cellular context that allows in vitro EBV activation and lytic cycle progression through mechanisms closely resembling those that in vivo initiate and enable productive infection, we found that RV inhibited EBV lytic genes expression and the production of viral particles in a dose-dependent manner
Contributo alla determinazione degli anticorpi anticardiolipina e anti - beta2 glicoproteina I
Full text linkBackground. Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies directed against plasma protein-phospholipid complexes or single plasma proteins. Their presence in patients with thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity defines antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS is considered as primary (PAPS) if present alone, or secondary if associated with other systemic autoimmune diseases, particularly with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Laboratory criteria for APS classification include lupus anticoagulant (LA) and/or medium-high levels of IgG/IgM anticardiolipin (aCL) and/or medium-high levels of IgG/IgM anti-Beta2glycoprotein I (anti-Beta2GPI) antibodies, all confirmed no earlier than 12 weeks later. Currently, ELISA assay for detection of aCL and anti-Beta2GPI antibodies, despite several attempts, is not a standardized technique. Recently, few studies have compared the performance of ELISA with that of other technologies also fully automated including the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) and the chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), but they have produced debatable results.
The search for new markers of APS through the use of laboratory techniques alternatives to ELISA, such as FEIA and CLIA methods is currently under interest. IgA aCL and IgA anti-Beta2GPI antibodies are not considered one of the recommended laboratory criteria for APS classification, and their clinical relevance is as yet controversial. Moreover, aPL are not only considered as a tool for APS classification, but they could be useful parameters to stratify the risk for developing clinical manifestations of the disease. In particular, anti-anti-Beta2GPI antibodies directed against the Domain I (anti-DI) of the molecule, were reported to be associated to thrombotic risk in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), so correlating them with a more severe clinical picture.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of a home-made ELISA with that of FEIA and CLIA assays in detecting aCL and anti-Beta2GPI antibodies in a large, homogeneous cohort of PAPS patients and in a group of subjects with clinical criteria for APS classification but ELISA negative for laboratory criteria. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group including healthy blood donors and patients with autoimmune diseases different from APS.
Subsequently, the clinical relevance of IgA aCL, IgA anti- Beta2GPI antibodies and of IgG anti-DI antibodies was evaluated in a large homogeneous cohort of PAPS patients. Their diagnostic sensitivity was investigated in a group of seronegative patients for conventional aPL but with clinical manifestations of APS. Moreover, prognostic value of these antibodies in APS patients was studied.
Methods. IgG/IgM/IgA aCL and IgG/IgM/IgA anti-Beta2GPI antibodies were determined using FEIA, (EliA TM, Phadia AB, Sweden). aCL/anti-Beta2GPI of IgG isotype and IgG anti-DI antibodies were assayed using CLIA (HemosIL AcuStar®, Inova, USA). The manufacturer's recommendations were followed carefully for both techniques. A home-made ELISA performed following the European Forum on aPL recommendations was used for the comparison between methods. All sera were also tested for LA following updated guidelines using diluted Russell viper venom time and diluted activated partial thromboplastin time as screening tests.
Results and Conclusions. (1) Comparison between an ELISA home made and FEIA technique. The sensitivities of the ELISA and FEIA tecniques were similar with the exception of IgM aCL which was found to be significantly higher in the PAPS patients using the ELISA method. The two assays had a comparable specificity, a high significant agreement and a significant correlation between the antibody levels. FEIA testing uncovered no significant prevalence of any antiphospholipid antibody in the ELISA negative patients.
In conclusion, our results suggest that FEIA tecnique is comparable to a home-made ELISA. If confirmed by large scale studies on PAPS patients, these results could support FEIA's routine use in detecting aCL and anti-Beta2GPI antibodies.
Results and Conclusions. (2) Comparison between an ELISA home made and CLIA technique. When compared with the ELISA technique, it came to light that the CLIA method had a significantly lower sensitivity for IgM aCL and IgG/IgM anti-Beta2GPI antibodies; while, its specificity was higher with respect to ELISA for IgM aCL and IgM anti-Beta2GPI antibodies. The two techniques showed a high, significant agreement and a significant antibody titer correlation. CLIA also detected IgG/IgM aCL and IgG anti-Beta2GPI antibodies in the seronegative patients using ELISA method. There was a significantly higher prevalence of IgG aCL and IgG anti- Beta2GPI antibodies in those patients with respect to that in the control population.
In conclusion, despite a lower sensitivity, CLIA showed a higher specificity for some aPL and a good level of agreement and correlation with a home made ELISA. CLIA also detected some aCL and anti-Beta2GPI antibodies in the seronegative patients not usually identified by home made ELISA. If confirmed by further studies, CLIA could be considered a valuable method to assess patients with clinical manifestations of APS but testing negative for aPL using a home made ELISA.
Results and Conclusions. (3) ACL and anti-Beta2GPI antibodies of IgA isotype. Present respectively in 19% and 50% of the PAPS patients studied, IgA aCL and IgA anti- Beta2GPI antibody frequencies were both statistically significant .The mean titers of both IgA aCL and IgA anti-Beta2GPI antibodies were higher in the thrombotic patients, but only the latter were significantly associated with thrombosis. When analyzed, the patients FEIA negative for conventional IgG/IgM aPL, but with the clinical features of APS, in 10.6% of cases were tested positive for anti-Beta2GPI IgA, this data was found to be significant.
In conclusion, positivity to IgA anti-Beta2GPI antibody detected using FEIA was found to be clinically relevant in PAPS patients. Moreover, the prevalence of isolated IgA anti- Beta2GPI antibody positivity was significant in the seronegative patients. These results suggest that patients with clinical signs/symptoms of APS but who do not meet conventional antiphospholipid antibody laboratory criteria could undergo at least of IgA anti-Beta2GPI antibody testing using FEIA technique.
Results and Conclusions. (4) IgG anti-DI antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of IgG anti-DI antibodies were comparable to those of IgG aCL and IgG anti-Beta2GPI antibodies. There was a significant agreement, association and antibody titre correlation between IgG anti-DI and IgG aCL as well as IgG anti-Beta2GPI antibodies. IgG anti-DI antibody showed lesser prevalence and mean titres in the pregnancy morbidity than in thrombotic and PAPS patients with both involvements. Regarding the conventional aPL antibody profiles, the triple positivity group had higher prevalence and mean titres than single and double positivity ones.
In conclusion, as regards the anti-DI antibodies this study provides further evidence that these antibodies detected by CLIA, can be considered a promising biomarker for risk assessment particularly in patients having vascular thrombosis and triple conventional aPL positivity, which is considered an antibody profile associated to the most severe features of APS. Thus, anti-DI antibodies might constitute an additional useful tool in clinical and therapeutic decisions
La tradizione manoscritta dei Cavalieri di Aristofane
No full textQuesta tesi si propone di ricostruire la storia della tradizione manoscritta dei Cavalieri di Aristofane attraverso la
collazione dei testimoni diretti del testo della commedia, dai piu antichi testimoni medievali a noi noti fino a quelli
prodotti entro la fine del XVI secolo: sono stati presi comunque in esame, nonostante eccedano questo limite
cronologico, anche due gruppi di testimoni legati rispettivamente all'attivita critica di Casaubon (XVI-XVII sec.) e a
quella di Brunck (XVIII sec), la cui analisi si rendeva, per varie ragioni, da tempo auspicabile. II testo di riferimento
utilizzato per le collazioni e quello stabilito da Raffaele Cantarella nella sua edizione del 1953.
L'analisi dei dati ricavati dalle collazioni ha rivelato l'esistenza di diverse classi di testimoni, che, per le loro
caratteristiche, non possono essere ricondotte ad un'analisi unitaria, ma sono state esaminate separatamente: accanto al
nucleo principale della tradizione, che non presenta alcun tipo di interpolazione o di contaminazione e del quale fanno
parte, tra gli altri, i testimoni piu antichi della commedia, e stato possibile individuare una classe di testimoni
caratterizzati da interpolazioni che discendono dall'attivita critica di Demetrio Triclinio e che sono stati pertanto
denominati nel presente lavoro "tricliniani". Vi sono poi alcuni testimoni che recano un testo manifestamente disceso
dalla contaminazione tra diverse famiglie della tradizione ed altri che dimostrano dei legami con la tradizione a stampa:
per far luce su quest'ultima, in particolare, si e reso necessario collazionare anche le prime due edizioni a stampa delle
commedie di Aristofane, ovvero l'Aldina del 1498 e la Giuntina del 1515. Ai dati desunti dalle collazioni sono stati
affiancati quelli che si ricavano dall'analisi codicologica e paleografica dei manoscritti, al fine di risalire dalla semplice
ricostruzione dei rapporti tra i testimoni ad una vera e propria storia della tradizione.
Successivamente sono stati presi in esame anche due testimoni che si discostano dai testimoni diretti del testo gia
precedentemente presi in esame e collazionati: si tratta, in primo luogo, di una raccolta di escerti, redatta tra il XIII ed il
XIV secolo, nella quale il testo della commedia e riassunto mediante la citazione dei versi ritenuti piu significativi: di
questi si e voluta determinare l'esatta identificazione, nonche tentare un confronto con la tradizione diretta, per
individuare eventuali affinita. L'altro testimone e un volume miscellaneo, interamente vergato dalla mano del Poliziano,
che comprende anche delle collazioni tratte dagli Cavalieri, delle quali si e potuta identificare la fonte, portando cosi
alia luce nuovi elementi sia sugli studi condotti dai Poliziano che sulle collezioni librarie da lui privilegiate per le sue
ricerche.
Sono stati presi in esame, infine, i testimoni pergamenacei e papiracei di eta tardoantica, naturale completamento alla
ricostruzione della storia della tradizione manoscritta: attraverso i dati desunti dai confronto tra la tradizione successiva
e questi testimoni, reso in molti casi difficoltoso dalla loro natura frammentaria, si e tentato di ricavare un'ipotesi
sull'esistenza di un archetipo per la tradizione d e i Cavalieri.
In the present study it is proposed to trace the history of the manuscript tradition of Aristophanes' Knights through the
collations of all the extant manuscripts of the play, from the most ancient to those that were produced not later than the
end of the Sixteenth century: two groups of manuscripts, related to Casaubon's (XVI-XVII cent.) and Brunck's (XVIII
cent.) studies on Aristophanes respectively, are also included in the present study, though they exceed this chronological
limit, because their examination has been long neglected. The collations are based on the text of Raffaele Cantarella's
edition printed in 1953.
From the collations of the text, the distinction of different groups of manuscripts stands out clearly: these groups show
peculiarities in the text of the play that do not allow a unitary analysis, but require separate investigations: the main
group, which includes the most ancient manuscripts of the tradition, shows no interpolations nor contaminations in the
text of the play; a second group consists of manuscripts that share interpolations derived from Triclinius' editorial
activity and that we may therefore call "Triclinian" manuscripts. Some other manuscripts agree with different lines of
the tradition and for this reason must be regarded as contaminated, while others are related to the text of the first printed
editions: to establish more clearly these relations, the first two printed editions of Aristophanes' plays, the Aldine
edition printed in 1498 and the Juntine edition printed in 1515, have also been examined in the present study. The
results of the collations have been considered together with the results of the codicological and paleographical
investigation of the manuscripts: in this way the simple reconstruction of the relations among the manuscripts can beextended
to form a real history of the manuscript tradition.
In addition, the examination of two manuscripts that differ from the other manuscripts already collated has been
included in the present study: the first, a manuscript of excerpts copied between the XIII and the XIV centuries, that
includes a selection of verses taken from the text of the play, has been examined to propose an identification of these
excerpts and a comparison with the manuscript tradition. The second is an autograph manuscript of Politian: the
identification of the source used by the humanist for his collations of the Knights throws new light on Politian's studies
and on the book collections that he favoured for his research.
Eventually, the ancient parchment and papyrus fragments of the play, that are in all respects part of the manuscript
tradition, have been examined and compared with the manuscripts already collated: even if the comparison suffers from
the incompleteness of these fragments, the result provides a hypothesis for the existence of a common archetype for the
manuscript tradition of the Knights
4 coppie 2 figure: Franco Purini | Laura Thermes
No full textLa mostra sullo studio Purini_Thermes partendo dall’analisi di una delle ultime opere in fase di realizzazione dei due architetti, la Torre Eurosky a Roma, espone il tema tipologico della torre. Nel corso degli anni la coppia Purini-Thermes ha riletto la tipologia a torre in diverse chiavi, come si evince dai progetti degli anni ’70 fino a quelli più recenti per la città di Shangai
ROLE OF PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN THE ACCUMULATION OF FERRITIN MESSENGER-RNA DURING EXPOSURE OF CELLS TO IRON
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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