1,721,028 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
<Articles>A World of Immigrant Workers in the Gilded Age ： Irish Workers in Chicago
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり一九世紀後半のアメリカの労働者の多くは、ヨーロッパの多様な国からの移民であった。そのため、当時のアメリカ社会を考える場合、階級と民族集団のかかわりを視野に入れなければならない。本稿では、これまでの移民史と労働史の諸成果を総合して、移民労働者の意識と行動における階級と民族的紐帯とのかかわりを考察した。ギルデッド・エイジのシカゴのアイルランド系労働者は、民族集団のコミュニティの中で、彼等の伝統や文化の維持を第一に考えていたわけではなかった。しかし、民族的紐帯が階級意識を高めたと結論することもできない。民族集団のコミュニティの階層分化と労働運動の進展の中で、コミュニティの自助努力には限界があり、職場では労働者としての意識を育てていた。しかし、政治に参加する際は、ボス政治家をとうして、労働の問題をも民族集団のコミェニティを基盤として要求する道を多くのアイルランド系労働者が選択したのである。Recently labor historians argue that ethnic subcultures are one of the major components of "working-class culture", for the majority of workers in nineteenth-century America were immigrants or children of foreign-born parents. The world of immigrant workers depicted by labor historians, however, is often considerably different from that studied by ethnic historians. Labor historians only emphasize class-related elements in each ethnic culture, while ethnic historians lay stress on the coherence and continuity of each ethnic community rather than on class divisions within each community or the class consciousness over ethnic boundaries. In other words, the perspective of ethnic historians is incompatible with that of labor historians concerning relations of "class" and "ethnicity" in American history. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to synthesize studies of labor history and ethnic history, and to rebuild the world of immigrant workers in the Gilded Age, focusing on Irish workers in Chicago. In Gilded-Age Chicago, Irish workers depended on the self-help of the Irish community. However, this had limits, as both the Irish community and their workplace experienced a dynamic change at that time. In the Irish community, a "new" middle class emerged. As a result, various views on the way of dealing with their daily problems and of reacting towards American society conflicted with each other within the com- munity. On the other hand, at their workplace, Irish workers developed a working-class consciousness through hard struggles for better working conditions in the 1870s and 1880s. In this process, some Irish workers related their ethnic loyalty to their class consciousness. For instance, some of those who organized movements for Irish nationalism became local leaders of the Knights of Labor and labor politics. Yet the majority of Irish workers did not follow them. They participated in urban politics not as workers but as members of the ethnic community, though they took part in strikes and demonstrations at their workplace as workers. This does not necessarily mean that they were conservative in nature. Rather, it is assumed that they found a more realistic way of dealing with their urgent problems in American society
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
<Articles>The Los Angeles Celery Strike of 1936 and the Agricultural Community of Japanese Immigrants
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり一九三六年のロスアンジェルス近郊の農業ストライキは、メキシコ系、日系を中心とする少数派民族集団の労働者と日系農罠との間の争議であった。この少数派民族集団間の争議は、長引く不況のなかでのエスニシティと階級の関わりを鮮明に提示している。農業労働者たちは、エスニック・ユニオンを基礎として、労働条件の改善を要求した。一方、日系農業コミュニティの側は、エスニシティを基礎とした階級縦断的な団結によって解決しようとしたが、結果として日系農業コミュニティ内の階層分化が表面化した。しかし、それはあくまで日系人の枠内での対立であり、エスニシティをこえた動きとはならなかったのである。ニューディール期のアメリカ社会では、エスニシティの重要性は低下したというのが一般的な見方である。しかし、カリフォルニアにおいて、ニューディール体制の枠組から外された少数派民族集団の農業労働老や農民は、エスニシティの枠内に留まりながら、時にエスニシティを基盤として、各々の経済的利害を守ろうとしたのである。The Los Angeles celery strike was a struggle between desperate workers ethnic minorities and Japanese small tenant farmers who managed to survive during the the Great Depression. The economic crisis made small tenant farmers pay less to workers in comparison with larger farmers. In addition, white supremacy put Japanese farmers, most of whom were small tenant farmers, in a more precarious situation. Consequently, Japanese farmers employed agricultural workers in harsher conditions. Against this situation, Mexican, Filipino and Japanese agricultural workers organized themselves into unions based on their own ethnicity. These ethnic unions cooperated with each other in a strike to demand better working conditions and the recognition of their unions. Feeling the pressure of the white power structure, Japanese farmers followed the leaders of the Japanese agricultural community and took strong attitudes against the workers in the eary stages of the strike. As the strike dragged on, however, it became difficult for each individual Japanese small farmer to maintain this strong attitude. Some of them made individual agreements with workers and recognized the union. Some local organizations quit the central organization of Japanese farmers. Thus, an analysis of the strike illuminates that ethnicity acquired a deeper significance in Californian agriculture during the Great Depression. First of all, for agricultural workers, ethnicity was not obstacle for organization but became the basis of their unionization. Second, this strike demonstrates that power relations among minority groups made labor relations harsher and more complicated. Lastly, an analysis of this strike calls for a review of the "ethnic solidarity" of the Japanese agricultural community. The Japanese immigrants were not "exceptionally" cohesive. Japanese agricultural workers participated in the strike against Japanese farmers. Small tenant farmers could not follow the leaders of the community. In a word, the economic crisis sharpened the problem common to other ethnic groups : relations between ethnicity and class
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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