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Sebastes nudus Matsubara 1943
No full textSebastes nudus Matsubara 1943 [Japanese name: Ohgon-murasoi] (Figs. 2 B, 3 B, 5, 6; Tables 1–2) Sebastes (Murasoius) pachycephalus, form. nudus Matsubara 1943: 239, pl. II- 2 (type locality: Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan and Busan, Korea). Sebastes (Murasoius) pachycephalus, form. chalcogrammus Matsubara 1943: 244, pl. III- 2 (type locality, Shimonoseki, Japan). Sebastes pachycephalus (not of Temminck & Schlegel): Jordan & Starks 1904: 117 (in part, Wakanoura, Kobe, Hiroshima and Shimonoseki, Japan); Okada et al. 1935: 206 (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and southern Korean Peninsula; plate based on S. pachycephalus); Amaoka 1984: 312, pl. 278 -F and G (in part, southern Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and southern Korean Peninsula); Cheng 1997: 408, fig. 301 [after Li (1955)] (Qingdao, Weihai and Yantai, China); Kim et al. 2004: 100, unnumbered fig. (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and southern Korean Peninsula); Kim et al. 2005 a: 117 (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and southern Korean Peninsula; figure identifiable as S. pachycephalus); Kim et al. 2005 b: 222, unnumbered fig. (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan, all coast of Korea, and China); Amaoka et al. 2011: 187, unnumbered figs (Hokkaido, Japan). Sebastes pachycephalus complex "Species Nu-C": Kai et al. 2011: (Hiroshima, Kyoto, Ishikawa, Miyagi, Iwate, and Hokkaido, Japan). Sebastes pachycephalus pachycephalus: Hiyama & Yasuda 1961: 112 (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and southern Korea; plate identifiable as S. pachycephalus). Sebastes pachycephalus nudus: Matsubara 1955: 1077, fig. 376 [after Matsubara (1943)], key (Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan and Busan, Korea); Matsubara 1965: 427, unnumbered fig. [after Matsubara (1943)] (Hokkaido and Aomori, Japan and Busan, South Korea); Nakabo 1993: 518, key (Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan and Busan, Korea); Masuda & Kobayashi 1994: 85, figs. 5 (Shakotan Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan); Nakabo 1995: 177, color photos (Iwate and Fukui, Japan); Nakabo 2000: 595, key (Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan and Busan, Korea); Nakabo 2002 a: 595, key (Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan and Busan, Korea). Sebastes pachycephalus chalcogrammus: Matsubara 1955: 1077, fig. 379 [after Matsubara (1943)], key (Chiba, Kanagawa, Kobe, and Shimonoseki, Japan and Busan, Korea); Matsubara 1965: 426, unnumbered fig. [after Matsubara (1943)] (Chiba southward to Kyushu, Japan); Kanayama & Kitagawa 1982: 43, unnumbered fig. (Miyako, Iwate, Japan); Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987: 77, fig. 34 [after Matsubara (1943)]; Nakabo 1993: 518, key (Chiba, Kanagawa, Kobe, and Shimonoseki, Japan and Busan, Korea); Masuda & Kobayashi 1994: 85, fig. 6 (Shakotan Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan); Nakabo 2000: 595, key (Chiba, Kanagawa, Kobe, and Shimonoseki, Japan and Busan, Korea); Shimizu 2001: 25, fig. 36 (Ehime, Japan); Nakabo 2002 a: 595, key (Chiba, Misaki of Kanagawa, Kobe, Shimonoseki, Japan and Busan, Korea); Kitagawa et al. 2008: 60, unnumbered fig. [after Kanayama & Kitagawa (1982)] (Pacific coast of northern Honshu Is., Chiba, Kanagawa, Kobe, and Shimonoseki, Japan and Busan, Korea). Sebastes nudus: Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987: 77, fig. 34 [after Matsubara (1943)] (Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan and Qingdao, China). Sebastes (Sebastodes) nudus: Barsukov 2003: 191, fig. 82 (Qingdao, China). Sebastichthys pachycephalus: Jordan & Starks 1904: (in part, Wakanoura, Kobe, Hiroshima, and Shimonoseki, Japan); Okada et al. 1935: 206 (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and Korean Peninsula; plate based on S. pachycephalus); Okada & Matsubara 1938: 306 (in part, Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan and Korean Peninsula); Li 1955: 236, fig. 150 (Qingdao and Yantai, China). Materials examined. 88 specimens, 23.2–212.8 mm SL. Japan: FAKU 352 (holotype of S. p. nudus), 198.5 mm SL, Hakodate, Hokkaido; FAKU 6317 (holotype of S. p. chalcogrammus), 261.8 mm SL, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi; FAKU 6325, 115.0 mm SL, Kominato, Chiba; FAKU 6529, 130.3 mm SL, Kobe, Hyogo; FAKU 41969, 142.0 mm SL, Maizuru, Kyoto; FAKU 50141 –50145, 50146–50150, 50153–50155, 84093, 84094, 96286, 133427 –133430, 133433, 133434, 151.3 – 195.8 mm SL (21), Miyako, Iwate; FAKU 50151 –50152, 50167, 118.8 – 125.2 mm SL (3), Yawatahama, Ehime; FAKU 70827, 135.0 mm SL, Tai, Maizuru, Kyoto, coll. R. Doiuchi; FAKU 82522, 82523, 84106, 84111, 84112, 85919, 85921, 97.1–167.3 mm SL (7), Ushitsu, Noto, Ishikawa, coll. Y. Kai and K. Sakai; FAKU 84036–84040, 131.1 – 181.7 mm SL (5), Otaru, Hokkaido; FAKU 84087, 84088, 84092, 149.1 – 174.8 mm SL (3), Kesennuma, Miyagi, coll. Y. Kai; FAKU 84089–84091, 156.0– 169.3 mm SL (3), Kamaishi, Iwate, coll. Y. Kai; FAKU 84095–84099, 136.4 – 154.4 mm SL (5), coll. Y. Kai; FAKU 85917, 99.2 mm SL, Aki, Hiroshima, coll. K. Nozaki; FAKU 87653, 86.3 mm SL, Yatsuka, Shimane, coll. T. Morihisa; FAKU 130187, 138.8 mm SL, coll. K. Takatsu; FAKU 130486, 130487, 92.0– 106.6 mm SL, Hakodate, Hokkaido, coll. Y. Kai; KAUM–I. 26561, 165.7 mm SL, Tobi-shima, Yamagata, coll. H. Motomura; NMCI–P. 1528, 1529, 102.2 – 124.6 mm SL (2), Ushitsu, Noto, Ishikawa; OMNH–P 3111, 23.2 mm SL, Kasumi, Hyogo, coll. Kasumi High School; OMNH–P 5859, 109.0 mm SL, Hamasaka, Hyogo, coll. A. Uno; OMNH–P 8586–8587, 108.9 – 114.4 mm SL (2), Misaki, Osaka, coll. Osaka Fisheries Experimental Station; OMNH–P 13889, 133.2 mm SL, Himi, Toyama, coll. K. Hatooka; OMNH–P 14496–14497, 149.3 – 167.8 mm SL (2), Higashi-Tarumi, Kobe, Hyogo, coll. Y. Shibata. South Korea: FAKU 6337, 103094, 133289 –133294, 133297, 133310, 126.2 – 212.8 mm SL (10), Busan. Locality unknown: FAKU 102295, 102297, 102298, 102300 – 102302, 102305, 104150, 133296, 133298, 63.3–174.7 mm SL (10). Diagnosis. A species of Sebastes with the following characters: cranium armed dorsally with robust preocular, supraocular, postocular, and parietal spines; interorbital space concave; lower jaw without scales, shorter than upper jaw; base of dorsal fin lacking minute scales from below first to fifth or variously to posteriormost spine; body with two indistinct, darkish brown saddles; yellow or brownish-red markings on dorsum when fresh. Description. Measurements as percentages of SL of the specimens examined are given in Table 1. Selected counts are given in Table 2. Body relatively deep, moderately compressed anteriorly, progressively more compressed posteriorly. Nape and anterior body moderately convex. Tentacles absent on head and body, except for nostril tentacle. Head completely covered with ctenoid scales, except for tip of snout, maxillary, lacrimal, lower jaw, interopercle, and branchiostegal rays. Posterior part of maxillary sometimes with minute embedded scales. Body covered with ctenoid scales usually with some accessory scales in posterior field, except for pectoral fin base, prepelvic region and ventral abdominal surface. Embedded cycloid scales covering pectoral fin base and prepelvic region; remaining ventral abdominal surface covered with minute cycloid scales, usually with narrow naked area anteriorly. Base of entire spinous portion of dorsal fin typically naked, sometimes with minute scales below first to fifth or variously to posteriormost spine (Fig. 2 B). Bases of soft-rayed portion of dorsal and anal fins covered with minute scales, usually extending onto basal membranes. Mouth large, slightly oblique; posterior margin of maxilla reaching or nearly reaching (reaching in holotype) level with posterior margin of orbit. Maxilla covered with thick skin. Lower jaw shorter than upper jaw, without distinct symphysial knob. Upper and lower jaws with band of villiform teeth. Palatines and vomer with villiform teeth, latter forming V-shaped patch. Nasal spine simple, sharp, directed dorsally. Preocular spine robust, well developed, directed dorsoposteriorly; tip of spine reaching or extending slightly beyond (reaching in holotype) level with anterior margin of pupil. Supraocular spine robust, well developed, directed posteriorly; tip of spine reaching or extending beyond (reaching in holotype) level with posterior margin of orbit. Postocular spines simple, directed dorsoposteriorly. Interorbital space concave without ridge, its width about half of orbit diameter. Parietal spine well developed, somewhat divergent posteriorly in dorsal view. Supracleithral spine simple, directed posteriorly. Upper posttemporal spines flattened, with embedded base, lower posttemporal spine absent. Sphenotic, tympanic, and pterotic spines absent. Sphenotic, tympanic, and pterotic spines absent. Lacrimal with round lobe anteriorly and one spine posteriorly; spine flattened, blunt, directed ventroposteriorly, its tip below level of anterior margin of pupil. Suborbital without spine or ridge. Preopercle with five spines; two uppermost spines large, directed posteriorly; third moderate, directed posteriorly; forth and fifth small, blunt, directed ventroposteriorly. Opercle with two simple flattened spines directed posteriorly; upper spine somewhat larger than lower spine. Dorsal fin with 13 spines (rarely 12 or 14; 13 in holotype) and 10–13 (usually 12 including holotype) soft rays; all soft rays branched (first ray weakly branched). Dorsal-fin origin above anterodorsal portion of gill slit. Dorsal fin gradually increasing in height to fifth spine, decreasing thereafter to 12 th spine; 13 th spine somewhat larger than 12 th, forming anterior support of soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin. Soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin with entire margin rounded; anterior rays longer (usually third or forth ray longest; third in holotype), posterior rays gradually shortening. Anal fin with three spines and six (rarely five or seven; five in holotype) soft rays; all soft rays branched. First anal-fin spine slightly posterior to last dorsal-fin spine; second spine robust, longest. Anterior rays on soft-rayed portion of anal fin longest; posterior margin rounded. Posterior margin of caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fin rounded; its tip not reaching posteriorly to level with anus; ventral 9–12 (usually 10 including holotype) rays unbranched and thickened. Posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin below tip of pectoral fin, rarely reaching anus. Gill rakers short, blunt, longest raker in joint between cerato- and hypobranchial, length of preceding and succeeding rakers progressively shorter; ceratobranchial rakers usually seven, including holotype (rarely six), hypobranchial rakers 14–17 (14 in holotype), often rudimentary and united, being difficult to distinguish individually. Color when fresh (Fig. 5). Head and body brown or beige dorsally and laterally, somewhat paler ventrally. Head with three dark brown irregular bands radiating from eye, sometimes with small yellow spots. Body usually with two indistinct faintly brown saddles; anteriormost positioned under fifth to 11 th dorsal-fin spines, posterior saddle under soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin; irregular yellow or brownish-red markings often extending onto ventral part of body, and dorsal and anal fins (Figs. 5 A, B); but sometimes small and indistinct (Figs. 5 C–E), occasionally absent (Fig. 5 F). Lower jaw, pectoral fin base, and prepelvic region without dark brown spots. Dorsal and anal fins brown or pale brown, sometimes with dark brown blotches; membranes of soft-rayed portion darker. Caudal fin brown or light brown, sometimes with yellow or brownish-red markings basally; membranes somewhat darker. Pectoral fin brown or pale brown with irregular brown markings basally; dorsoposterior portion dark; ventral half somewhat paler. Pelvic fin light brown; membranes somewhat darker. Color in preserved specimens (Fig. 2 B). Head and body dark or gray dorsally and laterally, somewhat paler ventrally. Head with three irregular dark bands radiating from eye. Body with two indistinct dark saddles, extending onto dorsal fin. Yellow and brownish-red markings when fresh represented by pale or white markings when preserved. Distribution (Fig. 3 B). Sebastes nudus is presently known from southern Hokkaido southward along the Pacific coast of Japan to Kanagawa and along the Sea of Japan coast of Japan to northern Kyushu Is. and the Seto Inland Sea, in addition to the southern Korean Peninsula, and the Bohai and Yellow Seas. This species is solitary, inhabiting rocky reefs in shallow coastal waters. Remarks. The present description of S. nudus is based on specimens genetically identified as “Species Nu-C” in Kai et al. (2011), plus additional specimens not genetically examined here, but considered as conspecific with the former, due to their lacking scales below the dorsal-fin spines and having yellow or brownish-red markings on the dorsum (when fresh). The names “ nudus ” and “ chalcogrammus ” first appeared in Matsubara (1943) as forms of S. pachycephalus, subsequently being recognized as subspecies of S. pachycephalus (see “Remarks” above under S. pachycephalus). The holotype of S. pachycephalus nudus (Fig. 6 A) was characterized by a lack of minute scales below the entire spinous dorsal-fin base, and had 17 pectoral-fin rays (ventral 10 rays unbranched and thickened) on both sides, whereas the holotype of S. p. chalcogrammus (Fig. 6 B) lacked minute scales below first to fifth dorsal-fin spine, and had 18 pectoral-fin rays (ventral 11 rays unbranched) on the left side and 17 (10) rays on the right side. The non-type specimens examined in this study all lacked minute scales below the dorsal-fin spine base (although sometimes with minute scales posteriorly from below the fifth spine) and usually had 17 pectoral-fin rays (ventral 10 rays unbranched) (Table 2), therefore considered as conspecific with the holotypes of S. p. nudus and S. p. chalcogrammus. In addition, the described above holotypes when fresh had yellow and brownish-red markings respectively (Matsubara 1943), similar to the present non-type specimens. Because all of these specimens represent a single taxon specifically distinct from S. pachycephalus, it is necessary to establish which of S. p. nudus and S. p. chalcogrammus has priority, both names having been newly proposed on the same date in the same publication (Matsubara 1943). However, Barsukov (2003) considered S. (Sebastodes) nudus as a valid species, having priority over S. chalcogrammus. Thus, we considered his action as a “determination by the first reviser” of ICZN (1999: Art. 24), and identified the present specimens as S. nudus. Although a detailed description of the species was not given in Barsukov (2003), a figure (based on a specimen collected from Qingdao) clearly showed pale markings on the dorsum, confirming its identity as S. nudus. As stated in “Remarks” under S. pachycephalus, the figures and descriptions of S. pachycephalus nudus and S. p. chalcogrammus given by Matsubara (1955, 1965) generally followed those of Matsubara (1943). Lindberg & Krasyukova (1987) reported Sebastes nudus on the basis of two specimens collected from Hakodate, Japan and Qingdao, China. Except for the counts of the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins, and pored lateral line scales, their description followed Matsubara (1943). Judging from the pectoral fin count (17), those specimens were most likely to have been S. nudus as recognized here. In addition, the description of S. pachycephalus chalcogrammus given by Lindberg & Krasyukova (1987) followed that of Matsubara (1943). Nakabo’s (1993, 2000, 2002a) descriptions of four subspecies of S. pachycephalus (S. p. pachycephalus, S. p. nigricans, S. p. nudus, and S. p. chalcogrammus) generally followed Matsubara (1943). Although his description of S. p. nudus was based on FAKU W 461 and that of S. p. chalcogrammus on FAKU 102296, FAKU 102299, and FAKU 102303, none of these specimens were available here. Judging from the descriptions given, both S. p. nudus and S. p. chalcogrammus of Nakabo (1993, 2000, 2002a) corresponded to S. nudus as recognized here, due to their lacking minute scales below the dorsal-fin spines. Nakabo (1993, 2000, 2002a) further distinguished S. p. nudus from S. p. calcogrammus on the basis of the former having yellow markings on the dorsum (vs. brownish-red markings in the latter), but such a difference has been shown by genetic analysis to represent intraspecific variation (Kai et al. 2011). Descriptions and figures of S. pachycephalus given by Li (1955) and Cheng (1977) are undoubtedly attributable to S. nudus because of the yellow body markings. Similarly, the photos of S. p.chalcogrammus in Kanayama & Kitagawa (1982) and Kitagawa et al. (2008), apparently of the same specimen, are clearly S. nudus, owing to the reddish-yellow markings on the dorsum and dorsal, anal and caudal fins. Shimizu’s (2001) description of S. pachycephalus chalcogrammus as having a broad naked area below the dorsal-fin spines, 17 pectoral-fin rays, and brownish-red markings on the dorsum is also indicative of S. nudus. Although the descriptions of S. pachycephalus in Kim et al. (2004) and Kim et al. (2005 b) were clearly based on both S. pachycephalus and S. nudus, the photos are identifiable as S. nudus because of the yellow markings on the dorsum. Although Amaoka et al. (2011) mentioned the color variations of S. pachycephalus, their figures were clearly of S. nudus, also because of the yellow and brownish-red markings on the dorsum. The Japanese name “Ohgon-murasoi”, first applied to the subspecies S. p. nudus by Matsubara (1955), is herein recognized as the standard Japanese name of S. nudus. *: specimens genetically identified as hybrids in Kai et al. (2011).Published as part of Kai, Yoshiaki & Nakabo, Tetsuji, 2013, Taxonomic review of the Sebastes pachycephalus complex (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), pp. 541-560 in Zootaxa 3637 (5) on pages 551-555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/22319
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Theory of Carriers Transport in III-Nitride Materials: State of the Art and Future Outlook
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Comparison of Matsubara dynamics with exact quantum dynamics for an oscillator coupled to a dissipative bath
No full textMatsubara dynamics is the classical dynamics which results when
imaginary-time path-integrals are smoothed; it conserves the quantum Boltzmann
distribution and appears in drastically approximated form in path-integral
dynamics methods such as (thermostatted) ring-polymer molecular dynamics
(T)RPMD and centroid molecular dynamics (CMD). However, it has never been
compared directly with exact quantum dynamics for non-linear operators, because
the difficulty of treating the phase has limited the number of Matsubara modes
to fewer than 10. Here, we treat up to 200 Matsubara modes in simulations
of a Morse oscillator coupled to a dissipative bath of harmonic oscillators.
This is done by expressing the Matsubara equations of motion in the form of a
generalised Langevin equation, approximating the noise to be real, and
analytically continuing the momenta to convert the Matsubara phase into
ring-polymer springs. The resulting equations of motion are stable up to a
maximum value of modes which increases with bath coupling strength and
decreases with system anharmonicity. The dynamics of the tail of highly
oscillatory Matsubara modes is found to be harmonic, and can thus be computed
efficiently. For a moderately anharmonic oscillator with a strong but
subcritical coupling to the bath, the Matsubara simulations yield non-linear
time-correlation functions in
almost perfect agreement with the exact quantum results. Reasonable agreement
is also obtained for weaker coupling strengths, where errors arise because of
the real-noise approximation. These results give strong evidence that Matsubara
dynamics correctly explains how classical dynamics arises in quantum systems
which are in thermal equilibrium
Lecturas de género y otredad en Pearl S. Buck, Hisako Matsubara y Tsitsi Dangarembga
No full textThe novels East Wind, West Wind (1930), by Pearl S. Buck, Abendkranich (1981), by Hisako Matsubara, and Nervous Conditions (1988), by Tsitsi Dangarembga, each attempts to depict non-Western societies —Chinese, Japanese and Zimbabwean— from female native point of view. East Wind… was written long before the emergency of Postcolonial Studies; on the other extreme, Nervous Conditions seems to have been thought on purpose in order to apply Franz Fanon’s theories and the notion of subaltern hold by Gayatri Spivak, who fuses feminism and alterity. Through the proposed novels, the present essay will reflect on some of the premises and limits of Postcolonial Theories.Las novelas East Wind, West Wind (1930), de Pearl S. Buck, Abendkranich (1981), de Hisako Matsubara, y Nervous Conditions (1988), de Tsitsi Dangarembga, comparten el intento de mostrar desde la perspectiva de la mujer aborigen determinadas sociedades no occidentales (China, Japón y Zimbabwe). East Wind… fue redactada mucho antes de que se produjera la eclosión de los estudios postcoloniales; Nervous Conditions, en el otro extremo, parece concebida ad hoc para la aplicación de las teorías de Franz Fanon y la noción de subalterno manejada por Gayatri Spivak, quien aúna feminismo y otredad. A través de las obras propuestas el análisis reflexionará sobre algunos de los presupuestos y límites de la teoría postcolonial
Gender and alterity readings in Pearl S. Buck, Hisako Matsubara and Tsitsi Dangarembga
No full textLas novelas East Wind, West Wind (1930), de Pearl S. Buck, Abendkranich (1981), de Hisako Matsubara, y Nervous Conditions (1988), de Tsitsi Dangarembga, comparten el intento de mostrar desde la perspectiva de la mujer aborigen determinadas sociedades no occidentales (China, Japón y Zimbabwe). East Wind… fue redactada mucho antes de que se produjera la eclosión de los estudios postcoloniales; Nervous Conditions, en el otro extremo, parece concebida ad hoc para la aplicación de las teorías de Franz Fanon y la noción de subalterno manejada por Gayatri Spivak, quien aúna feminismo y otredad. A través de las obras propuestas el análisis reflexionará sobre algunos de los presupuestos y límites de la teoría postcolonial.The novels East Wind, West Wind (1930), by Pearl S. Buck, Abendkranich (1981), by Hisako Matsubara, and Nervous Conditions (1988), by Tsitsi Dangarembga, each attempts to depict non-Western societies —Chinese, Japanese and Zimbabwean— from female native point of view. East Wind... was written long before the emergency of Postcolonial Studies; on the other extreme, Nervous Conditions seems to have been thought on purpose in order to apply Franz Fanon’s theories and the notion of subaltern hold by Gayatri Spivak, who fuses feminism and alterity. Through the proposed novels, the present essay will reflect on some of the premises and limits of Postcolonial Theories.peerReviewe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Short- and long-term operation of the lutein-epoxide cycle in light-harvesting antenna complexes
No full textThe lutein-5,6-epoxide (Lx) cycle operates in some plants between lutein (L) and its monoepoxide, Lx. Whereas recent studies have established the photoprotective roles of the analogous violaxanthin cycle, physiological functions of the Lx cycle are still unknown. In this article, we investigated the operation of the Lx cycle in light-harvesting antenna complexes (Lhcs) of Inga sapindoides Willd, a tropical tree legume accumulating substantial Lx in shade leaves, to identify the xanthophyll-binding sites involved in short- and long-term responses of the Lx cycle and to analyze the effects on light-harvesting efficiency. In shade leaves, Lx was converted into L upon light exposure, which then replaced Lx in the peripheral V1 site in trimeric Lhcs and the internal L2 site in both monomeric and trimeric Lhcs, leading to xanthophyll composition resembling sun-type Lhcs. Similar to the violaxanthin cycle, the Lx cycle was operating in both photosystems, yet the light-induced Lx --> L conversion was not reversible overnight. Interestingly, the experiments using recombinant Lhcb5 reconstituted with different Lx and/or L levels showed that reconstitution with Lx results in a significantly higher fluorescence yield due to higher energy transfer efficiencies among chlorophyll (Chl) a molecules, as well as from xanthophylls to Chl a. Furthermore, the spectroscopic analyses of photosystem I-LHCI from I. sapindoides revealed prominent red-most Chl forms, having the lowest energy level thus far reported for higher plants, along with reduced energy transfer efficiency from antenna pigments to Chl a. These results are discussed in the context of photoacclimation and shade adaptation
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