1,721,262 research outputs found
The Sweet Kiss Breaching Immunological Self-Tolerance
No full textMetabolic alterations leading to overactivation of nutrient-energy-sensing pathways have been linked to altered immunological self-tolerance. Now, Zhang and colleagues (Immunity, 2019) have identified a key role for high glucose consumption in exacerbating autoimmunity in mice via induction of T helper (Th)17 cells. This reveals a novel mechanism underlying effects of diet during autoimmunity development with major translational implications
Where Mitochondria Meet Autoimmunity: The Treg Cell Link
No full textAlthough a crucial role for mitochondrial metabolism in controlling T regulatory (Treg) cell function has been recognized, its contribution during autoimmunity has not yet been fully elucidated. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Alissafi and colleagues demonstrate that during autoimmunity, Treg cell functional alterations associate with mitochondrial oxidative stress, dysfunctional mitophagy, and enhanced DNA damage response, culminating with their cell death
Divide and hide: proliferating β-cells control immune tolerance in autoimmune diabetes
No full textIncreasing pancreatic β-cell proliferation in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) might restore β-cell mass but would be predicted to exacerbate islet inflammation. A study in Nature Metabolism, however, reports that boosting β-cell proliferation in mouse models of T1D is beneficial, preserving the immunological self-tolerance of islets through the induction of regulatory T cells
The folate way to T cell fate
No full textThe role of folate-dependent one carbon (1C) metabolism in CD4+ T cell polarization is incompletely understood. In this issue of Immunity, Sugiura et al. (2021) provide evidence that blocking the 1C metabolic enzyme MTHFD2 may curb pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells, while redirecting them toward a regulatory T cell phenotype
Lepti and adipocytokines: Bridging the gap between immunity and atherosclerosis
No full textThe role of the adipose tissue in immunity has recently emerged, and there is now ample evidence that this role is elucidated by a number of cytokine-like hormones produced by adipocytes - called adipokines. The most relevant adipokines are leptin, adiponectin and visfatin, and all have marked effects on metabolic and immune function. The discovery of adipokines has led to the development of a novel concept that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis can be associated with low-degree inflammation associated with slow (auto)immune attack of the endothelial wall of arteries. This model considers therefore adipokines as the bridge between atherosclerosis, inflammation and immunity. We review here the most recent advances on adipokine research, with a particular emphasis on the model that considers atherosclerotic lesions as effects of the (auto)immune-mediated damage of the endothelium that is sustained by low-degree chronic inflammation typical of obesity and metabolic syndrome. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd
Immunometabolism and autoimmunity
No full textOver the last few years, immune cell metabolism has become one of the most stimulating areas of investigation in the field of immunology. Compelling evidence has revealed that metabolic pathways are closely associated to cell functions and immune cells adopt defined metabolic programs to sustain their activity and respond to micro-environmental demands. It is now clear that alterations in cell metabolism can favour dysregulation typical of autoreactive immune cells, thus sustaining loss of immunological self-tolerance. In this short review, we highlight the main metabolic alterations associated with both innate and adaptive immune cells in autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). We also summarize recent findings reporting the use of pharmacological agents, which modulate the immunometabolism to possibly control immune responses during autoimmune disorders
From cannabis to endocannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: a paradigm of central nervous system autoimmune diseases
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From cannabis to endocannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: a paradigm of central nervous system autoimmune diseases.
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