1,721,063 research outputs found
Diagnostic and therapeutic management of carcinoma of unknown primary: Histopathological and molecular diagnosis
No full textNon
DCIS and LCIS are confusing and outdated terms. They should be abandoned infavor of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) and lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN)
No full textThe terms ductal and lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN and LIN) were introduced by Tavossoli 15 years ago, who proposed they should replace, respectively, ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ (DCIS and LCIS). This proposal has been slowly gaining ground. We argue that DCIS and LCIS should now be definitively abandoned. Bringing together 'in situ' and other entities into the simpler and more logical DIN/LIN framework-as has been done with intraepithelial neoplasias of cervix, vagina, vulva, prostate, and pancreas-would eliminate the artificial and illogical distinctions between 'not cancers' (e.g. flat epithelial atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia-now classified as low grade DIN) and 'cancers' (e.g. DCIS-now considered medium-high grade DIN). Elimination of the term 'carcinoma' from entities that cannot metastasize will reduce confusion among health professionals and patients, and contribute to reducing the risk of overtreatment, as well as reducing adverse psychological reactions in patients. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
Breast cancer pathology
No full textIn recent years, the role of pathology in breast cancer has changed dramatically. Currently, it no longer has a purely diagnostic role, based exclusively on morphology. Pathologists are now asked to provide some information about prognostic and predictive factors, in other words about the risk assessment and the choice of the best treatment, according to Veronesi’s paradigm: “from maximum tolerable treatment to minimum effective treatment”. These changes can be summarized in this way: In the past we were dealing with “what to treat”, now we are dealing with “how to treat”, aiming at dealing with “whom to treat”
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Clinical and pathological assessment of high-risk ductal and lobular breast lesions : what surgeons must know
No full textTerminology in pathology is sometimes over-complicated and may be misinterpreted by clinicians facing patients and having difficulty answering questions posed by them. This may especially be true for some breast lesions with an increased risk of malignant transformation, the complex terminology of which reflects attempts to stratify them according to potential risk. On the basis of morphological and molecular features, both ductal and lobular proliferations have been classified and named in different ways by pathologists, and this often makes it difficult for the treating physicians and the patients to fully understand the nature of the lesions and their associated risks. In order to clarify pathology reports, unambiguous and simple terms are needed
A new technique for foetal brain fixation and extraction
No full textWe performed a new technique for foetal brain fixation and extraction that offers a remarkable reduction in sampling time facilitates specimen handling while conserving high quality. With the new fixation method, it is possible to obtain samples adequate for macroscopic and microscopic observations and immunohistochemical analysis. The technique involves the creation of an ex vacuo phenomenon in the subarachnoideal space prior to injecting the fixative solution. In this manner, the solution is homogenously distributed. Ease, reproducibility and the possibility of standardizing the procedure are the principal advantages. Low costs, reduced working time and less need for human resources are other advantages, Histologically, we obtained, quickly, high quality slides with routine and immunohistochemical stains. Disadvantages of the technique derive from the use of formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid, rather than water, to wash the samples; thus one must work in a well ventilated area, with gloves, protective glasses and an adequate lab coat to avoid skin and respiratory tract damage
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