1,721,002 research outputs found
Analisi della Letteratura sulla qualità, efficacia ed economicità della sigillatura dei solchi. Protocollo applicativo.
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Multisensory objects and the orienting of spatial attention
No full textThe presentation of an auditory stimulus semantically-congruent with a visual element of a multi-objects display can enhance processing of that element. Here we used multisensory objects (MO) as non-informative cues in a spatial cueing paradigm, aiming to directly assess the interplay between MO integration and spatial attention. We presented two pictures (e.g., left — dog, right — cat) plus a central sound (e.g., a dog's bark) that defined the location of the MO (left, in this example). This was followed by a target (a Gabor patch) either at the MO location or in the opposite hemifield. Subjects discriminated the orientation of the Gabor, while ignoring all task-irrelevant pictures and sounds. Further, we manipulated the task requirements including `easy' or `difficult' discrimination (Gabor tilt = ±5° or ±10°), and by presenting either a single unilateral Gabor (Exp. 1, `low' competition) or two Gabors bilaterally (red and blue, with the target now defined by colour; Exp. 2, `high' competition). Functional imaging data revealed activation of frontal regions when the target was presented on the opposite side of the MO (invalid trials). The frontal eye-fields activated irrespective of task requirements, while the inferior frontal gyrus activated only when the MO-cue was invalid and competition was low (Exp. 1 only). These findings show that MOs automatically affect the distribution of spatial attention, and that re-orienting operations on invalid trials activate dorsal and ventral frontal areas depending on top-down task constraints. Overall, the results are consistent with the hypothesis linking the integration of multisensory objects with biases of spatial attention
Spontaneous retrieval vs. monitoring: Differences betwee prospective memory and sustained attention
No full textThe effect of eye closure on children's eyewitness testimonies
No full textPrevious studies conducted with adults found that eye closure increased the number of correctly reported details with no concurrent increase in the number of incorrect details. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that closing the eyes reduces external stimulation, and so increases the capacity of the participant to concentrate on the memorial image, dedicating greater resources to the memorial trace. In this study, we investigated whether the same advantage could be found in 6- and 11-year-old children. Participants were asked to provide a free recall and a cued recall of a short emotional clip taken from the movie Jurassic Park either with their eyes open or closed. Free recall was then analysed in terms of proportion of correct details, incorrect details, and confabulations; cued recall in terms of number and type of details. The results clearly showed that eye closure improved children's cued recall, while leaving free recall substantially unaffected. These results are discussed in the light of the possible advantage of eye closure when interviewing children
New perspectives in assessing deception: The evolution of the truth machine
No full textIn recent years a growing interest has arisen in the development of tools for the
detection of deception. Since William M. Marston’s first publication (1917) on the
use of the polygraph as a lie detector, the application of this tool, commonly known
as the truth machine, has evolved. Modern technologies are now trying to push the
issue further, investigating brain activity during deception using functional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The aim of this paper is to summarise the
evolution of research from the original use of the polygraph to the use of new
technologies in detecting deception, in order to provide an overview of the recent
developments on the use of measurements of deception, and promote new research
in this highly important domain of applied cognitive psychology
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