1,721,080 research outputs found

    Rischio emorragiico e rischio trombotico in chirurgia nel paziente antiaggregato

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    La necessità di definire il rapporto tra rischio di TEV (tromboembolismo venoso) e quello emorragico, è uno dei problemi non ancora del tutto risolti nell’ambito di un corretto approccio alla profilassi antitrombotica e gioca un ruolo fondamentale al fine di consentire una appropriata stratificazione del rapporto efficacia/tollerabilità. La corretta stratificazione del rischio è particolarmente importante perché evita di sottotrattare i pazienti a rischio riducendo l’incidenza di TVP/EP (tromboembolismo venoso/embolia polmonare) consentendo, inoltre, di contenere i costi legati al trattamento di tali complicanze. Allo stesso modo la stratificazione del rischio consente di evitare il trattamento di soggetti non a rischio, riducendo la possibilità di esporre a complicanze emorragiche i pazienti che non presentano una significativa probabilità di manifestare una TVP/EP permettendo, anche in questo caso, il contenimento dei costi legati alla profilassi

    Environmental stress response in wine Lactic Acid Bacteria: beyond Bacillus subtilis

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    Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are traditionally used to produce fermented foods. The industrialization of food transformations has increased the economical importance of LAB, as they play a crucial role in the development of the organoleptic and hygienic quality of fermented products. However, the strains selected for industrial purposes, should tolerate adverse conditions encountered in industrial processes, either during starter handling and storage (freeze-drying, freezing, or spray-drying) or during food processing in which abi15 otic stresses such as heat, cold, acidity, and high concentration of NaCl or ethanol are common. Wine LAB have to deal with several stresses including an acidic pH, a high alcoholic content, non optimal growth temperatures, and growth-inhibitory compounds such as fatty acids and tannins, originated from yeast and bacte20 ria metabolism. Wine LAB have developed several mechanisms to escape or to tolerate wine conditions. They carry out a malolactic fermentation in this stressful envioronment. In addition to the regulation of the expression of specific genes, bacteria have evolved adaptive networks to face the challenges of a changing environ25 ment and to survive under conditions of stress. The so called Global Regulatory Systems control the simultaneous expression of a large number of genes in response to a variety of environmental stress factors. CIRCE sequences able to bind the HrcA repressor, σB dependent promoters and CtsR regulatory elements have been observed in several genes identified from wine LAB. Improved knowledge of regulators and a better understanding of LAB stress responses could constitute a basis of comparison with the well known model microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, it can provide an important insight into improving current industrial starter strains
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