1,720,974 research outputs found
Flora and vegetation of the Ruvubu National Park, Burundi: diversity, structure and implications for conservation
No full textLa pression anthropique, la variabilité climatique croissante et les changements climatiques entraînent une forte dégradation des écosystèmes. Par conséquent, pour pouvoir orienter leur conservation, il est nécessaire de disposer d’un maximum d’informations sur l’état de leur biodiversité. L’objectif global de cette thèse est de contribuer à la caractérisation de la biodiversité du Parc National de la Ruvubu (PNR), la plus grande aire protégée du Burundi, cela à travers l’analyse de sa composition floristique, de la structure de ses communautés végétales et des paramètres écologiques. Le travail a combiné des approches diversifiées, comprenant des échantillonnages de la végétation et du sol et des analyses de laboratoire. L’étude a ainsi fourni la première liste complète de la flore vasculaire du PNR comprenant 515 espèces réparties en 98 familles et 309 genres. Nonante-six espèces non encore relevées dans l’aire protégée ont été découvertes. Les familles les plus abondantes sont les Fabaceae, les Asteraceae et les Poaceae. Les savanes, les galeries forestières et les marais sont dominés respectivement par des hémicryptophytes, des phanérophytes et des géophytes. Dix groupements végétaux, dont cinq sont nouveaux, présents au sein de trois classes, quatre ordres et sept alliances phytosociologiques ont été individualisés. Les groupements présentent globalement une diversité taxonomique relativement faible tandis que l’équitabilité laisse entrevoir des communautés perturbées, particulièrement en savanes. L’altitude et quatre paramètres physico-chimiques du sol (azote total, carbone total, charge caillouteuse et pH) expliquent 48% de la variabilité floristique; cette dernière étant significativement influencée par l’altitude. Cependant, la variabilité floristique inexpliquée par les facteurs de l’environnement suggère l’implication d’autres facteurs. En matière de conservation, trente espèces sont des plantes ligneuses autochtones, prioritaires pour la revalorisation et la multiplication au Burundi. Dix espèces végétales figurent également sur la liste des espèces menacées prioritaires pour la conservation au Burundi. En définitive, le fait que le PNR abrite plusieurs éléments de la biodiversité protégés par la communauté internationale lui confère une fonction importante de réservoir de la biodiversité. Tous ces atouts militent en faveur du renforcement des stratégies de conservation et de réhabilitation de sa biodiversité dans toutes ses composantes./ Due to human pressure, increasing climate variability and climate change, ecosystems are subject to degradation. Therefore, in order to develop conservation guidelines for these ecosystems, it is necessary to have enough information on their biodiversity. The overall objective of this thesis is to contribute to the characterization of the biodiversity of the Ruvubu National Park (RNP), the biggest protected area of Burundi, through floristic composition analysis, vegetation structure and ecological parameters. The study combined a variety of approaches, including vegetation and soil sampling as well as laboratory tests. The study provided so the first complete list of vascular flora of the RNP, including 515 species distributed into 98 families and 309 genera. Ninety-six species not previously recorded from the protected area were found. The most common families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae. Savannahs, forest galleries and swamps were dominated respectively by hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes and geophytes. Ten plant community types, five of which were new, distributed into three classes, four orders and seven phytosociological alliances were individualized. Plant communities globally present a relative low taxonomic diversity while trends of evenness index suggest disrupted communities, especially in savannas. Altitude and four physico-chemical parameters (total nitrogen, total carbon, stoniness and pH) explained 48% of the variance of the species-environment relationship. The floristic variability was significantly influenced by altitude. However, the unexplained floristic variability by environmental factors suggests implication of other factors. As for conservation, 30 species are listed in important indigenous woody plants for revalorization and multiplication in Burundi. Ten plants are also among threatened species which require priority for conservation in Burundi. Finally, the fact that the RNP shelters several components of biodiversity protected by the international community confers an important function of biodiversity reservoir to the park. All these assets militate in favour of the reinforcement of conservation strategies and rehabilitation of RNP biodiversity in all its components.Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fighting Malaria Sustainably: An Investigation of the Innovation System for Biobased Malaria Repellents in East Africa
Get PDFThis paper investigates a biobased innovation system producing a catnip plant-based mosquito repellent developed to fight malaria in East Africa. We adopt a technological innovation system (TIS) methodology. Previous studies on TIS in the global south emphasized innovation diffusion, rather than development. In contrast, we study the catnip-based mosquito repellents in East Africa, a R&D and innovation driven TIS. Our results highlight the potential of innovation development in East Africa by demonstrating strong TIS functions such as entrepreneurial activity, knowledge sharing, and legitimacy building. However, the TIS functions, market creation, resource mobilisation and policy guidance were relatively weak. This suggests that the innovation challenges in East Africa are not always related to a lack of knowledge generation or entrepreneurial capabilities, but more due to a structural feature such as lack of finance, resources, and supportive policies. Our study also demonstrates how local bio-entrepreneurs benefit from business incubation through regional cooperation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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