1,720,983 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Scanning electron microscopy of stellate cells of mammalian adrenal cortex as revealed by NaOH maceration

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    After removal of connective tissues by the NaOH maceration method, adrenal gland stellate cells of monkeys, rats and rabbits were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The stellate cells were situated in the perivascular and interstitial spaces and showed an ovoid cell body with numerous round or flat processes. Through these processes they were in contact with other adjacent stellate cells and thus formed a continuous cellular net around capillaries and parenchymal cells. This net, which probably provides a cellular scaffolding for the gland, may also play additional roles such as capillary contraction and nutrition for adjacent parenchymal cell

    Subcellular structure of the atrial myocardium of children in cases of atrial septal defect

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    In order to study the initial development of myocardial ultrastructural changes owing to right atrium volume overload, myocytes have been studied in specimens taken from the right atrial wall and auricle of four children aged 1 to 6 years with ostium secundum atrial septal defect undergoing cardiac surgery. The younger patients (1 to 4-year-old children) we observed did not show diffuse and significant myocardial ultrastructural damages. The most significant myocardial changes were observed in the 2 older patients (six years old) as we found subcellular signs of myocardial hypertrophy such as an increased number of mitochondria, increased glycogen inclusions, areas of new sarcomerogenesis and nuclei lobulated and variably shaped. Focal degenerative changes, such as rupture of mitochondrial cristae and intercellular fibrosis were also noted. These changes may be considered as the initial features of myocardial hypertrophy because they were not as severe and diffuse as those usually seen in a marked functional failur
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