1,721,002 research outputs found
La complessità del disagio nei servizi socio-sanitari. Il Centro di Consultazione Culturale come approccio sperimentale
No full textLa recente letteratura riguardante la salute porta alla luce la profonda interconnessione tra processi di salute e malattia e le più ampie dinamiche socio-politiche, giuridiche ed economiche, soprattutto rispetto alla popolazione immigrata. All'interno dei servizi socio-sanitari tale complessità conduce a nuove riflessioni e pratiche di intervento. In tale scenario, il Centro di Consultazione Culturale (Distretto di Pianura Est, AUSL di Bologna) rappresenta un modello multidisciplinare sperimentale di pratiche di analisi e intervento, illustrato attraverso la presentazione di alcuni casi clinici
Transição Nutricional, Pobreza e Globalização: risco de sobrepeso em pré-escolares no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.
No full textOverweight in childhood is emerging as a global-scale epidemic. Following the global trend, overweight is on the rise among the whole Brazilian population. Globalization, through its impact on markets (production, advertisement campaigns and food availability and accessibility), is accelerating the nutritional transition process that has been going on in the last decades. In order to plan effective public health policies, a full understanding of the scale, trends and risk factors of these processes is required. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of, and the factors associated to, the “risk of overweight” (defined by WHO as: Body Mass Index/Age ≥ 1 and Z-score < 2) in pre-school children in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from the 3rd Statal Research on Health and Nutrition (III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição), collected in 2006. The analysis included variables related to the mother, the child, the socio-economic conditions and the health care services. After determining the prevalence ratio for each variable through a univariate analysis, the conditions that resulted in a p value < 0,20 were analysed through Poisson regression. After adjusting for the confounding factors, only the variables with p value ≤ 0,05 were considered. Results: The prevalence of “risk of overweight” was 21,6%, significantly over the estimates made by the World Health Organization for developing countries for the year 2010 (13,6%). No significant differences were found between rural and urban areas as well as between socio-economic groups. Only three variables showed an independent effect: presence of only one child with less than 5 years in the household, mother‘s BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 and no breastfeeding. Conclusions: The absence of differences between geographic areas, housing, socio-economic condition and biological characteristics of the children reveal that overweight in less than five-year olds tends to a homogeneous distribution, meaning that these children are exposed to an “obesogenic” environment. Since the processes that contribute to create this environment act from a global to a regional level, any solid strategy to tackle them must begin from its complexity, operating from a macroscopic level to a local one. Financing: public funding from the University of Bologna, Italy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pesquisa-Intervenção em formação em saúde, expansão e qualificação da atenção básica
No full textA Pesquisa-Intervenção è uma ferramenta muito utilizada no contexto da educação, menos no campo da saúde e da atenção básica. De modo geral a pesquisa na formação dos profissionais não é muito praticada no contexto italiano e brasileiro mas pode representar uma ferramenta importante de analise participada dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem e de intervenção direta na formação dos estudantes. No mesmo tempo o que acontece no cenário de formação não é determinado somente por processos internos mas também por determinantes externos, que são por fora do campo de domínio das instituições de formação e muito frequentemente dos próprios estudantes. Portanto é fundamental considerar essas interações entre fatores internos e esternos no contexto da formação e também pensar as mesmas interações como oportunidade de mutança do contexto
Salute, malattia, biomedicina
No full textI processi salute malattia sono strettamente legati al benessere dell'individuo e dunque alla sua capacità di affermazione, al soddisfacimento delle sue ambizioni individuali ed all'adempimento dei suoi compiti socialemente definiti. In altri termini I processi salute-malattia sono strettamente correlati alle libertà individuali e collettive. La salute dunque, e con essa gli atti di cura, è intimamente legata al diritto ed alla giustizia, dal momento che per produrre salute è necessario sviluppare stimolare l'empowermet degli individui ma senza produrre conflitti con le libertà di altri individui e del collettivo. In questa prospettiva la biomedicina, orientata alla produzione di interventi rivolti alla patologia si trova sprovista di strumenti auto-riflessivi che siano in grado mettere in luce se e quali aspetti della cura possono produrre involontarimente una limitaizone delle libertà individuali o collettive.
Il testo affronta la tematica attraverso una prospettiva trans-disciplinare utilizzando contributi della filosofia ermeneutica, della salute pubblica, dell'epidemiologia sociale e della filosofia del diritto
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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