1,721,261 research outputs found
Multiple roles of circulating tumor cells and exosomes in cancer metastasis
No full textMetastatic cancer is a prominent cause of death worldwide. Clinical evidences indicate that cancer patients affected by metastases display tumors diffused over the entire body that, once established, become very difficult to be eradicated and most of the times give a negative outcome. Both circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes can be detected in affected individuals' bodily fluids and participate to the metastatic cascade. Importantly, they are considered valuable predictors of therapeutic responses. In the last years, these biomaterials have been widely characterized, demonstrating their involvement in multiple steps of metastasis, and many strategies have been developed in order to isolate them. CTCs and exosomes have become fundamental tools for investigating and dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the metastatic process, a quest everyday more critical for prevention and treatment of metastatic cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The fast halo assay: an improved method to quantify genomic DNA strand breakage at the single cell level”
Full text linkThe present study describes the improvement of a technique, the alkaline-halo assay (AHA), for the assessment of DNA single strand breakage at the single-cell level. AHA involves a series of sequential steps in which cells are embedded in melted agarose and spread onto microscope slides, incubated in a high-salt alkaline lysis solution, then in a hypotonic alkaline solution and, finally, stained with ethidium bromide (EB). Under these conditions, single-stranded DNA fragments diffuse radially from the nuclear cage and generate a fluorescent image that resembles a halo concentric to the nuclear remnants: the area of the halo is a direct function of the extent of DNA strand scission. These phenomena can be conveniently monitored with a fluorescence microscope and quantified by image-processing analysis. The behaviour of single-stranded DNA fragments under the conditions of the modified assay, called fast halo assay (FHA), is essentially the same as in AHA. The modifications consist in the simplification of the lysis, denaturation and staining procedures, and allow, as compared with AHA, the preparation of samples within 15 min, with a two-third reduction in total processing time, using only two reagents to promote DNA extraction and staining: NaOH and EB. A variation of the FHA operating at nondenaturing conditions to discriminate apoptotic cells from non-apoptotic cells bearing DNA single-strand breaks is also illustrated. To benchmark FHA sensitivity and reliability, the DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) resulting either from exposure of cultured mammalian cells to different DNA-damaging agents or from secondary apoptotic DNA cleavage, have been quantified and results compared with the outcomes of reference techniques run in parallel, namely AHA, comet assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. The results indicate that FHA has the same reliability and sensitivity of the reference assays, but presents the additional advantages of being inexpensive, more rapid and strikingly simple. med tissues in the course of human infections
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