1,721,043 research outputs found
Introduction to special issue
No full textICUC8, the 8th International Conference on Urban Climates held in conjunction with the 10th Symposium on the Urban Environment, was held in Dublin, Ireland from August 6th–10th 2012. ICUC8 was jointly organised by the International Association for Urban Climate (IAUC) and the American Meteorological Society’s Board of the Urban Environment. ICUC events are held on a three year cycle; ICUC7 was held in Yokohama, Japan in 2009 and ICUC9 will be held in Toulouse, France in 2015. ICUC8 was the largest conference devoted to urban climates to this point and there were nearly 500 papers and posters presented; the majority of these are in the conference proceedings, which are available online at the IAUC website (www.urban-climate.org). Separately, a report on the conference can be found in Urban News, the newsletter of the IAUC
The Implementation of the BEP+BEM Offline Parameterization Scheme: Exploring Urban Dynamics through Climatic Projections
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Urban parameterizations development and city-atmosphere coupling optimization
Full text linkTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamento de Física de la Tierra, Astronomía y Astrofísica I (Geofísica y Meteorología), leída el 08-01-2016Las ciudades interaccionan con la atmósfera, produciéndose un aumento de la temperatura con respecto al medio rural circundante (Isla de calor) y una disminución de la velocidad del viento. Estos fenómenos pueden llegar a ocasionar problemas para la salud de la población, que cada vez mas, esta en aumento, en detrimento de la población que habita las zonas rurales. Con la idea de mejorar las condiciones de vida en las ciudades, la comprensión y caracterización del clima urbano, mediante la modelización atmósferica, se ha convertido en una herramienta necesaria. Con este propósito se han desarrollado las denominadas parametrizaciones urbanas, que representan, de forma promediada, el comportamiento de las variables meteorologicas dentro de la ciudad. Los objetivos de esta tesis son la mejora de la parametrización urbana BEP (Building Effect Parameterization, Martilli et al. 2002) implementada en el modelo de mesoescala WRF (Weather Research and Forecast model, Skamarock et al. 2008), y la optimizacion del acoplamiento de dichas parametrizaciones y el modelo atmosférico, con la finalidad de aumentar su resolución sin generar un coste computacional. En la primera parte de la tesis, se utilizan modelos numéricos de microescala para extraer la física para la parametrización urbana. Por un lado, se propone una parametrización para el coeficiente de arrastre, definido para calcular la fuerza de arrastre de los edificios sobre el viento, en función de las distancias entre edificios, en las direcciones paralela y perpendicular al viento, para configuraciones alineadas de edificios. Además, se extiende la fórmula presentada en Santiago y Martilli (2010) para las longitudes de escala involucradas en el transporte turbulento y en la disipación de la turbulencia, para dichas configuraciones de edificios. Ambas fórmulas son extraídas para condiciones de estratificación térmica neutra. Por otro lado, se proponen formulas para el cálculo de los parametros anteriores en el caso de una estratificación térmica inestable. Además, se estudia el flujo dispersivo, parametrizandolo, junto al flujo turbulento, mediante una extensión de la teoría K de Monin – Obukhov. En la segunda parte se presenta una nueva técnica para el acoplamiento del modelo de mesoescala y la parametrización urbana que permite un aumento de la resolución dentro de la subcapa rugosa, permitiendo una disminución de la resolucion vertical del modelo atmosférico y, por lo tanto, una disminución del tiempo de computación.Cities interact with the atmosphere, generating an increase of temperature respect to the rural sourrounding area (Urban heat Island) and a decrease of the wind speed. This phenomena can produce health problems on the population, which is increasig, due to the decrease of the rural population. In order to improve the quality of living inside the cities, the understanding and characterization of the urban climate, by means of atmospheric modeling has become necessary. For this purpose, the so called urban canopy parameterizations have been developed, which represent, in an averaged way, the behaviour of the meteorological variables within the city. The objectives of this thesis are the improvement of the urban parameterization BEP (Building Effect Parameterization, Martilli et al. 2002) implemented in the WRF mesoscale model (Weather Research and Forecast model, Skamarock et al. 2008), and the optimization of the urban parameterization and the atmospheric model coupling, in order to increase its resolution without computational cost. In the first part of the thesis, microscale numerical models are used in order to extract the physiscs for the urban parameterization. From one side, a parameterization for the drag coefficient is proposed, defined in order to calculate the drag force on the wind speed produced by the buildings, by means of the distance between them, in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the flow, for aligned configurations. In addition, the parameterization of the length scales for turbulent transport and turbulence dissipation presented in Santiago and Martilli (2010) is extended. Both parameterizations are extracted for neutral thermal conditions. On the other side, parameterizations of the previous parameters are proposed, for unstable thermal conditions. In addition, the dispersive flux is studied and parameterized with the turbulent flux, by an extension of the Monin – Obukhov K- theory. In the second part of the thesis, a new technique to couple the mesoscale model and the urban parameterization is presented, which allows an increase of the resolution within the roughness sublayer, allowing a decrease of the vertical resolution of the atmospheric model, and thus, a decrease of the computational time.Depto. de Física de la Tierra y AstrofísicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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