1,720,972 research outputs found
Vore salentine: “vuoti” sotterranei “pieni” di peculiarità
No full textL'articolo analizza le vore, peculiari inghiottitoi carsici del territorio salentino, e le loro caratteristiche idrauliche ed idrogeologiche
Archeologia industriale e geologia: proposta di recupero dei frantoi ipogei di Lecce
No full textIl territorio comunale di Lecce, così come gran parte del Salento (Puglia, Italia) racchiude un importante patrimonio archeologico industriale legato alla presenza di frantoi oleari ipogei o semi-ipogei, detti nel dialetto locale trappeti. Di tale patrimonio vi era, sino ad oggi, una frammentaria conoscenza, tanto che nel Catasto delle Grotte e delle Cavità Artificiali redatto dalla Federazione Speleologica Pugliese per la Regione Puglia ne erano segnalati a Lecce solo tre. Dalle descrizioni presenti nei Catasti onciari della metà del 1700 possiamo dedurre che nel territorio di Lecce, all’epoca, si contavano quaranta ipogei, legati, perlopiù, a complessi masserizi ubicati, in special modo, nell’area a Nord della città. Nel lavoro che qui si presenta si espongono i risultati di rilievi geologici e topografici su 17 frantoi che sono stati ritrovati nel territorio comunale di Lecce. Di questi, 6 sono stati recuperati dai proprietari ed adibiti a vari scopi, per lo più connessi ad attività turistiche, mentre gli altri 11 versano in stato di abbandono. Quattro frantoi sono di proprietà pubblica, uno dei quali è ubicato nella città di Lecce, su suolo di proprietà comunale. La sua individuazione è avvenuta a seguito di un crollo del terreno di copertura ed allo stato attuale l’area annessa al frantoio è recintata ma l’ipogeo non è stato recuperato. In generale, purtroppo in molti casi, i frantoi sono divenuti luoghi di discarica che si è stratificata nel corso dei decenni. Oggi essi potrebbero costituire splendidi esempi delle correlazioni esistenti tra le attività antropiche di archeologia industriale e la geologia dei luoghi, divenendo parte essenziale di specifici progetti di recupero.
Prognostic factors in breast cancer :the predictive value of the Nottingham Prognostic index in patients with a long term follow-up that were treated in a single institution
No full textInventory and analysis of underground oil mills in the territory of Lecce (Apulia, southern Italy)
No full textThe production of olive oil is known as one of the main agricultural activities in many Italian regions. This fame comes from a long history, and a complex chain of working phases as well, which at some locations occurred mostly underground. In Apulia, southern Italy, and particularly in its southeasternmost sector, Salento, oil mills were typically realized as subterranean spaces, due to a number of reasons, the main ones being lower expenses (when compared to the cost of building up an over-surface structure), and the easy workability of the outcropping rocks. These latters consist of soft rocks, represented by Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene calcarenites. In the territory of Lecce, the most important town in Salento, the historical documentation reports about 40 oil mills (locally called trappeti) during the second half of the 18th century. These were underground structures related to rural houses (locally called masserie), north of the town. From the structural standpoint, they belong to the typology of “cavities dug in the subsoil”, being underground structures in the strict sense: that is, rooms obtained by removing and digging rocks under the surface level. In the classification of artificial cavities by the Commission of the International Union of Speleology, underground oil mills belong to Type B: Hypogean civilian dwellings, and specifically they are classified as B.3 – Underground plants or factories. They were actually real working places, where workers often used also to sleep, especially during the hot season. The underground spaces could be very large, with a high number of rooms dedicated to collection and work of the olives, but also as storing places, stables for the animals, and sleeping rooms for the workers. In a few cases, water wells or sites to collect and preserve the ice were excavated in the same underground structure, too. Working underground had, on the other hand, negative outcomes for the overall quality of the oil, due to lack of air and light, heating due to presence of workers and animals, and the process of fermentation of the olives stored in the rooms. All of this resulted in low quality of the oil, so that it was typically used for industrial purposes (i.e., lighting) rather than for food. Starting from the beginning of the 19th century, a transformation was registered in the rural setting, since olive farming was not convenient anymore, and the passage to intensive vineyards occurred. This had as a consequence the progressive abandonment of underground oil mills, for many and many of which a loss of memory had to be recorded. In this contribution we present the results of recent geological and topographic surveys that allowed us to find 17 underground oil mills, not included in the Cadastre of Artificial Cavities of Apulia Region. Six out of them have been restored by the owners, and are presently used for different types of tourist activities; the remaining 11 are generally in bad conditions, abandoned, and often have been used as illegal waste disposal. In addition to illustrating their main characters, some considerations about the stability of the underground structures will also be presented, by describing the main situations where instability features have been observed and mapped
Baclofen antagonizes intravenous self-administration of nicotine in mice and rats
No full textAims: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission plays an important role in modulating reinforcing effects of different drugs of misuse. In particular, stimulation of GABA(B) receptors negatively influences self-administration of cocaine, heroin, nicotine, alcohol and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. The effect and specificity of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen on nicotine misuse were studied on two animal models of self-administration. Methods: The effects of RS baclofen and the two isomers R baclofen and S baclofen were studied on the acute nicotine self-administration in drug-naive mice. The effect of RS baclofen was also studied in rats trained to chronically self-administer nicotine under a continuous reinforcement (FR1) schedule. Results: RS baclofen antagonizes nicotine intravenous self-administration at doses of 1.25-2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.). Furthermore, this effect is sterospecific. R baclofen completely prevented nicotine self-administration at the dose of 0.625 mg/kg i.p., whereas S baclofen was inactive up to the dose of 2.5 mg/kg i.p. In rats trained to self-administer nicotine, pretreatment with RS baclofen at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg i.p. significantly increased the rate of responding for nicotine. This effect was similar to the effect obtained when rats were pretreated with the nicotine central receptor antagonist mecamylamine (1 mg/kg i.p.). Conclusions: These data show that baclofen is able to antagonize nicotine-rewarding effects in mice and rats and suggest its potential clinical utility for the treatment of nicotine misuse
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: an evaluation of its rewarding properties in rats and mice
No full textGamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an endogenous compound present in mammalian brain and supposed to be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, has been shown to affect several aspects of dependence from some drugs of abuse. It has been successfully used in clinical practice to alleviate both alcohol and opiate withdrawal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gamma-hydroxybutyric acid possesses rc warding properties by means of conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration paradigms. In the present study, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid induced conditioned place preference in rats, was intravenously self-administered by drug naive mice, and altered cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats. Although to date the physiological role of this compound still re mains unclear, there is no doubt that gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, in addition to its proved effect on alcohol and opiate dependence, possesses reinforcing properties of its own and may interfere with the neurochemical events in the rewarding effects produced by psychostimulant drugs. Our investigation points out the abuse: liability of this drug, suggesting the use of particular precaution in handling gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as a clinically useful drug. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights: reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sleep deprivation increases dopamine D1 receptor antagonist [3H]SCH 23390 binding and dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the rat limbic system
No full textSleep deprivation induced by the platform technique is considered to be a heavy stressful situation in rats. At the end of the sleep deprivation period (72 h) the rats displayed particular behaviour characterized by wakefulness, a high degree of motor and exploratory activity, increased alertness and reactivity to environmental stimuli. Our previous results indicated that this behaviour was potently antagonized by the administration of the D1-selective antagonist SCH 23390. In this paper we show that concomitantly to this behaviour, an increased number of D1 receptors associated with an increased dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity is present in the limbic system but not in the striatum of these animals. These data suggest an active role of limbic D1 receptors in the generation of arousal and insomnia related to sleep deprivation induced stress
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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