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    Adultos mayores sanos y deterioro cognitivo leve: funciones ejecutivas y reserva cognitiva

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    El deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI, por la sigla en inglés de mildcognitiveimpairment) es un trastorno heterogéneo caracterizado por un deterioro de las funciones cognitivas, variando su prevalencia entre un 3% a un 40%, diferencia que depende de la definición de MCI, de los test utilizados y de los baremos. Muchos estudios indican una alta probabilidad de conversión de un tipo de demencia, pero también la reversibilidad, lo que hace relevante un diagnóstico precoz y eficaz. La disfunción ejecutiva parece común en los pacientes con MCI y se relaciona con un pronóstico peor. Sin embargo, tanto la naturaleza de estos déficits como factores protectores (e.g., reserva cognitiva) son objeto de estudio. En este estudio se evaluaron las diferencias entre un grupo de 20 adultos mayores sanos y uno de 30 adultos mayores con MCI de la ciudad de Roma, respecto de varias características psicológicas y funciones executivas especialmente relacionadas con la flexibilidad cognitiva y los mecanismos inhibitorios cognitivos y motores. Los resultados indican que el nivel escolar es el factor protector más importante. De particular interés es el resultado en las pruebas de praxia que resulta comprometida en los pacientes con MCI. Generalmente, los trastornos apráxicos se manifiestan en estados avanzados de demencia. Las alteraciones observadas en este estudio podrían ser consideradas como un indicador precoz de demencia

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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